IS425 Winter Session 21 IS 425 Enterprise Information LECTURE 2 Winter

IS425 Winter Session 22 Agenda Homework Individual Paper Assignment Review Value Chain Review Information Organizing Mechanisms Architecture versus Infrastructure Information Architecture Model and Types Information Needs with Others Information Systems & People Supported Organizational Structures Information Needs Within Next week

IS425 Winter Session 23 Homework What are the top 3 HOT TOPICS? Form teams Each team justifies its list of the 3 top HOT TOPICS using facts/information. What facts are more persuasive?

IS425 Winter Session 24 Individual Paper Assignment Due Week 5 An IS Competency Analysis Specifications & Grading Criteria

IS425 Winter Session 25 How is information used in each sector? Agriculture sector? Manufacturing sector? Service sector? Information sector? Examples?

IS425 Winter Session 26 Value Chain review

IS425 Winter Session 27 Suppliers Manufacturer Distributors Customers OL IL OL IL OL The Value Chain: Industry Perspective Supplier Manufacturer Distributor

IS425 Winter Session 28 Porter’s Industry and Competitive Analysis (ICA) Threat of Substitute Products or Services Barriers to Entry Bargaining Power Of Suppliers Competitive Intensity Bargainin g Power of Channels End Users

IS425 Winter Session 29 Review Information Organizing Mechanisms The Fundamentals DATA = elementary descriptions or FACTS INFORMATION = DATA + meaning KNOWLEDGE = INFORMATION + CONTEXT where context conveys understanding, experience, accumulated learning and experience

IS425 Winter Session 210 Review Information Organizing Mechanisms continued Information System Types By Functional Area Accounting Information System Finance Information System Marketing Information System By Organizational Structure Departmental Information System Enterprise Information System Inter-Organizational Information System

IS425 Winter Session 211 Review Information Organizing Mechanisms continued SystemSupport Provided to Transaction Processing System (TPS) Repetitive, mission-critical activities & clerical staff Management Information System (MIS) Functional activities and managers Office Automation System (OAS)Office workers Decision Support System (DSS)Decision making by managers & analysts Executive Information System (EIS) Executives Group Support System (GSS)People working in groups Intelligent Support SystemsKnowledge workers & others

IS425 Winter Session 212 Review Information Organizing Mechanisms continued Interrelated Support Systems – The TPS collects info that is used to build the MIS and EIS. Info from other sources also goes into the EIS

IS425 Winter Session 213 Architecture versus Infrastructure Architecture = “A plan of the information requirements in an organization” A guide for current operations A blueprint for future directions Infrastructure = the realization of the architecture consisting of 5 components: Computer hardware General-purpose software Networks and communication facilities Databases Information management personnel What is not a component?

IS425 Winter Session 214 Schematic View of Infrastructure & Applications Inside matrix includes the specific applications & software types Outside ring is the infrastructure

IS425 Winter Session 215 An Information Architecture Model Between centralized and decentralized where Business/Data/Communications central base with decentralized strategic/managerial/operational applications.

IS425 Winter Session 216 General Types of Information Architecture Mainframe environment One computer with dumb terminals PC environment Only PCs connected by networks Networked (distributed) Environment 2 or more computers linked Client/Server is dominant Internet-based E-business Environment Application architecture Collaborative Commerce

IS425 Winter Session 217 e-Business Application Architecture Supply Chain Mgmt Selling Chain Mgmt Stakeholders Business Partners, Suppliers, Resellers Distributors, Customers, Resellers Employees HRMS/ E-Procurement Finance Auditing Mgmt Control BIEAI CRM ERP Logistics Production Distribution Marketing Sales Cust Svce

IS425 Winter Session 218 Traditional vs. Emerging Enterprise Architecture By default IT-driven Application focus Cost savings and Control By design Business-driven Infrastructure focus Revenue-generation & efficiency

IS425 Winter Session 219 Information Needs with Others Business Pressures create pressures on Organizations Organizations respond to pressures with IT supported activities

IS425 Winter Session 220 Information Needs with Others These pressures from market, technology and society demand responses from organizations. These pressures either alone or with one another can impact an organization’s value chain’s viability. The major business pressures

IS425 Winter Session 221 Information Needs with Others These 5 organizational components maintain an equilibrium until business pressures force a realignment of the 5 for a response. Framework for organizational and societal impacts of information

IS425 Winter Session 222 Information Needs with Others Critical Response Activities -5 major groups --Strategic Systems gives advantage over competition very rarely lasts --Continuous Improvements --Business Alliances --ECommerce --BPR business process reengineering

IS425 Winter Session 223 Information Systems & People Supported

IS425 Winter Session 224 Organizational Structures Organizations – By Function where people are grouped around the resources they commonly use Most small and mid-sized firms By Divisions where large organizations are subdivided into smaller functional units Most large firms

IS425 Winter Session 225 Information Needs Within When organized around functions (traditional organization form), each function maintains its own information leading to each function having its own information systems Information that must be shared is “shipped” from one function to the next “following the ‘paper’ trail” Early legacy systems automated the existing information flows between functions

IS425 Winter Session 226 Information Needs Within Later, the need to update various functions with the same facts led to: A common database Decentralized processing simultaneously at several locations A process orientation from the functional orientation, i.e., reorienting people’s work to the accomplishing outcomes Streamlining work so it always is rationalized in terms of outcomes Can Build a unique system That is a BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING (BPR) Or Can Buy a system That is an ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING (ERP)

IS425 Winter Session 227 e-Business Application Architecture Supply Chain Mgmt Selling Chain Mgmt Stakeholders Business Partners, Suppliers, Resellers Distributors, Customers, Resellers Employees HRMS/ E-Procurement Finance Auditing Mgmt Control BIEAI CRM ERP Logistics Production Distribution Marketing Sales Cust Svce

IS425 Winter Session 228 Internal and External Process Enablement

IS425 Winter Session 229 Next Week Software Methods/Software Development Security Issues Homework Due Readings from course home page