微生物之種類細菌真菌原生動物藻類病毒 12. Fig. 1.14 真菌.

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Presentation transcript:

微生物之種類細菌真菌原生動物藻類病毒 12

Fig. 1.14

真菌

Brewer’s yeasts Brewers classify yeasts as top-fermenting and bottom-fermenting. This distinction was introduced by the Dane Emil Christian Hansen. 酒精飲料

Top-fermenting yeasts They form a foam at the top of the wort during fermentation. higher alcohol concentrations and prefer higher temperatures, typically 16 °C - 24 °C fruitier, sweeter, ale-type beers. An example of a top-fermenting yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, known to brewers as ale yeast.

Bottom-fermenting yeasts These yeasts ferment more sugars, leaving a crisper taste, and grow well at low temperatures. An example of bottom fermenting yeast is Saccharomyces pastorianus, formerly known as Saccharomyces carlsbergensis.

酒精飲料 ( 水果酒 ) ( 穀類酒 )

酒精飲料

alcohol by volume (abv) (%) proof In the United Kingdom, the proof-to-ABV ratio is 7:4. In the United States, it is 2:1. flavor

酒精飲料 Beer 澱粉醱酵 about 4% to 6% abv flavoured with hops, herbs or fruit Wine 水果醱酵 about 9%–16% abv a long aging process (months or years) Spirit distilled, at least 20% ABV Beer and wine were limited to a maximum alcohol content of about 15% ABV.

Beer Ale is a type of beer brewed from malted barley. Ales are normally brewed with top- fermenting yeasts. Sake is also referred to in English as rice wine. Wine contains 9–16% alcohol and most beer is 3–8%, whereas undiluted sake is 18–20% alcohol

wine Sparkling wine can be made by adding a small amount of sugar before bottling, which causes a secondary fermentation to occur in the bottle and significant levels of carbon dioxide in it making it fizzy. The classic example of a sparkling wine is Champagne.

spirit Whisky or whiskey is a type of alcoholic beverage distilled from fermented grain mash. Brandy is a spirit produced by distilling wine, the wine having first been produced by fermenting grapes.

Bourbon whiskey Bourbon is an American whiskey, a type of distilled spirit, made primarily from corn and named for Bourbon County, Kentucky.