Today… 1. Buckland and Meadow on information 2. What is a document? 3. Definitions for "document" –object 4. Our context, inls150/LIS 5. Representation –work/item

Today… 1. Buckland and Meadow on information 2. What is a document? 3. Definitions for "document" –object 4. Our context, inls150/LIS 5. Representation –work/item

? Do Meadow and Buckland agree on their definition of Information?

Four Aspects of Information (Buckland) Entity Intangible Information as Knowledge Tangible Information as a thing Data, document, recorded knowledge Process Information as a process Information, data, document processing Knowledge engineering

Today… 1. Buckland and Meadow on information 2. What is a document? 3. Definitions for "document" –object 4. Our context, inls150/LIS 5. Representation –work/item

Is this a document? Duchamp, Marcel “Bicycle Wheel” 1913, (1964 version)

Information Objects Print (Physical) / Digital (Electronic) Linear (flat) / Hypertext Static / Dynamic Durable / Ephemeral Atomic / Complex

Simple/Atomic, familiar document types Complex, compound, dynamic document types What is a document? Adapted from:

Document (Briet) Object Star in the sky Photo of star Stone in the River Stone in museum Animal in the wild Animal in the zoo Document? NO YES ?

Today… 1. Buckland and Meadow on information 2. What is a document? 3. Definitions for "document" –object 4. Our context, inls150/LIS 5. Representation –work/item

What is a Document? A Terminology Issue Information object Information object –Document –Information resource –Information bearing entity –Bibliographic entity Exist in the world of recorded knowledge…

Information Objects, W3C W3C/IETF definition of resource is “…anything that has identity. Familiar examples include an electronic document, an image, a service (e.g., "today's weather report for Los Angeles"), and a collection of other resources. Not all resources are network "retrievable"; e.g., human beings, corporations, and bound books in a library can also be considered resources.” i.e. a resource is “anything” –physical things (books, cars, people) –digital things (Web pages, digital images) –conceptual things (colours, points in time, subjects)

Information Objects “Any entity, form or mode for which contextual data can be recorded” (Greenberg, 2002, 2003)

Information Objects Is our conception too wide, vague, ambiguous? –DCMI (Dublin Core Metadata Initiative) Type Vocabulary: Collection, Dataset, Event, Image (Still or Moving), Interactive Resource, Service, Software, Sound, Text, Physical Object

Today… 1. Buckland and Meadow on information 2. What is a document? 3. Definitions for "document" –object 4. Our context, inls150/LIS 5. Representation –work/item

Our context …(inls 150, and our field) Information systems contain documents (objects)

What kinds things might we represent in information systems? Concrete things: books, documents, movie clip, map Persons: role, doctor, student, taxpayer Events: accident, birth date, divorce Transactions: sale of item (purchase) Other?

Information Systems Databases Inventories Catalogs, indexes Thesauri

Today… 1. Buckland and Meadow on information 2. What is a document? 3. Definitions for "document" –object 4. Our context, inls150/LIS 5. Representation –work/item

Representation Description, stand-in, surrogate Knowledge Representation: AI: HTML:

Representing objects in Information Systems You can recognize it as a discrete object (entity) –Even if it is a complex or compound object You can name it by applying labels (attributes and values to attributes) You can manipulate it You can describe it

Representation Devices and means –Icons, images, graphs, symbols, numbers, words, strings, descriptions Content (conceptual meaning) –Aboutness »Subject content Carrier (packaging) –Physical representation –Models, measurements, strings, bytes, etc.

Representation Terminology Element = Attribute + Value. Attribute (property of the object). –Who-what-where-when-why. Photographer (person/agency), title, place of, date. Value (content associated to the attribute). NASA Photographic Services, Shuttle Columbia, Kennedy Space Center in Florida, January, 2003.

What Makes a Good Representation? Captures essential elements Never the same as the thing being represented (abstraction) [surrogates] Get the abstraction right (accurate representation) Appropriate for the person / audience Appropriate for the task / function

S. R. Ranganathan’s Document Intellectual entity Work = Expressed thought Physical entity Item= Embodied thought

Patrick Wilson Intellectual entity Work = Subject terminology Classification notation (inls150, classification) Physical entity Item = Date Size Title ( inls150,representation)

Work, expression, manifestation, item IFLA FRBR (Functional Requirement for a Bibliographic Record) Work, Expression, Manifestation, Item –w 1 Gone with the Wind (motion picture) e 1 the original English language version e 2 the original with French subtitles added

Work, expression, manifestation, item w1Rolling Stones’ IT'S ONLY ROCK-N – ROLL (1974) –e1 the groups performance recorded for the album m1 the recording released in 1974 by MCA Records on tape cassette m2 the recording released in 1974 by MCA Records on compact disc

Work, expression, manifestation, item w1 Jean Jolivet's Vraie description des Gaules.... e1 the cartographer's original rendering m1 the map issued in 1570 –i1 a copy in the Département des Cartes et plans at the Bibliothèque nationale in Paris m2 a facsimile reproduction published in 1974 by Hier et demain

FRBR diagram Work, the Performance (1974) E: Music and lyrics E: Music (just the instruments) M: CD, RCA, 2005 M: RS, LP 1974 M: 8-track, RCA, 1975 I: My CD, RCA, 2005 c.2 I: Your CD, RCA, 2005 c.1 I: UNC Musllib.CD, RCA, 2005 c.3

Dublin Core Elements Title Author or Creator Subject and Keywords Description Publisher Other Contributor Date Resource Type Format Resource Identifier Source Language Relation Coverage Rights Management

Goals Process and Goals for Organizing Information in an information system Information is out there or being/will be created… Identify 3-5 steps in the information organization process. List 3-5 goals or objectives of your information systems once it’s organized.

Process Identify –Identify what you are going to organize –Different scenarios. Collect –Get it. Different means. Provide Access –Representation/description, indexing, etc.

Goals: Allow the user to Find information when it is known. Discover new information. Evaluate information as to its use. Retrieve/Locate the information