Marine Bio To Me… “A good warrior learns to respect the seasons and cycles of life,” he said. “They’re part of nature; they’re part of you.” Author: Beattie

A synthetic view of our ocean planet © digitalife/ShutterStock, Inc.

Our marine life is the stuff of movies!

…and fables… Aug. 1, 2008: “The Montauk Monster”

Why are you here? What is Marine Biology?

Marine Biology Study of organisms that live in the ocean Subset of Biology Many subdisciplines

Marine Biology Why is it important?

Marine Biology Why is it important? –Food, medicine, raw materials, recreation –Disease, attacks, damage –Effect the global ecosystem –Recreation, education –$$$$$$ ($20 trillion/yr!) –71% of the earths surface is WATER!

Marine Biology It is a science, “a general science of biology, but applied to the sea.” –There is a reason why things happen –Discover these reasons by systematic methods

History of Marine Biology Ocean explored for food, as trade routes, wars, etc. Aristotle (4 th century BC) – first marine biologists

History of Marine Biology Many voyages of exploration Captain James Cook (European, 1700’s) –First to include a fulltime naturalist

History of Marine Biology Charles Darwin –Naturalist on HMS Beagle (1831) –Atolls, plankton, barnacles

History of Marine Biology Edward Forbes –Dredges the Ocean floor (1840’s & 1850’s) –Azoic Theory – no life below 2000 ft. (pg. 359 text)

History of Marine Biology First Voyages ever to specifically study the ocean (19 yrs. to publish, 50 volumes) Challenger Expedition ( ): measuring systems used, species samples

The Worlds Oceans The Challenger Expedition Route(s)

The Ocean Ocean Facts: Covers 71% of the earth’s surface Accounts for 97% of the water on earth (rest in land ice, groundwater, lakes & rivers) Average depth = 3,796 meters (12,451 feet) (deepest = Mariana trench 11,022 m or 36,163 ft) Average temp = 3.9 o C (only 39 o F)

1? 5? Oceans Pacific Atlantic Indian Arctic Antarctic, Southern Ocean

History of Marine Biology Marine Laboratories –Stazione Zooligica – Naples Italy (1872) –MBL & Woods Hole Oceanograohic Institution– Massachussets –Scripps Institution of Oceanography, CA –Friday Harbor Marine Lab, Washington Allowed long term observation of living organisms

Research Vessel

History of Marine Biology SONAR –Developed during WWII SCUBA –After WW II – invented by Emile Gagnan & Jacques Cousteau

Marine Biology Today Labs and Ships still important Shift from early observations & descriptions to more detailed studies Submarines - Alvin ROVs Satellites & computers

Figure 1.03 Plankton tow net

“Alvin,” Deep Sea Sub.

Scripps R/V “Flip”

“Flipped!”

Figure 1.11 “Aquarius” FL Keyes underwater lab

John Steinbeck, Ed Ricketts, see text