P2P Network is good or bad? Sang-Hyun Park
P2P Network is good or bad? - Definition of P2P - History of P2P - Economic Impact - Benefits of P2P - Legal and Copyright issues - Public Perception - Attacks on peer-to-peer networks - Risk - Ethics of file sharing
Definition of P2P File sharing usually follows the peer-to-peer (P2P) model, where the files are stored on and served by personal computers of the users.
History of P2P 1st Generation Clients Napster was the original P2P application. Napster hosted a central server. Find a particular file. ("searched Napster“)
History of P2P 2nd Generation Clients Gnutella was the second major P2P network. Gnutella worked by connecting users to other users directly Searching for a file. Advantage : It couldn't easily be shut down. Disadvantages: slow searches and islands of sub-networks.
History of P2P 3rd Generation Clients Improve networks and improve file transfer speeds. Fasttrack (Kazaa, or Grokster or Morpheus ). Find a particular file. ("searched Napster“) Supernodes and Spawning.
Economic Impact Negative impact on record sales Dropped from $38 billion in 1999 to $32 billion in Trend with the advent of Napster in June of 1999.
Economic Impact No negative effect on CD sales Statistically indistinguishable from zero. T racking downloading on OpenNap servers. Illegal downloads: Small force in the decrease in album sales. Slightly improving album sales of the top albums in stores.
Benefits of P2P Efficient use of resources. - Unused bandwidth and storage. - Unused bandwidth and storage. Scalability. - Consumers of resources also donate resources. - Consumers of resources also donate resources. - Aggregate resources grow naturally with utilization. - Aggregate resources grow naturally with utilization.
Benefits of P2P Reliability. - Replicas. - Replicas. - Geographic distribution. - Geographic distribution. - No single point of failure. - No single point of failure. Ease of administration. - Nodes self organize. - Nodes self organize. - No need to deploy servers to satisfy demand (c.f. scalability). - No need to deploy servers to satisfy demand (c.f. scalability). - Built-in fault tolerance, replication, and load balancing. - Built-in fault tolerance, replication, and load balancing.
Legal and copyright issues File sharing is a legal technology with legal uses, but… - Download and upload copyrighted materials without permission. - Download and upload copyrighted materials without permission. - Copyright infringement without authorization for improper purposes. - Copyright infringement without authorization for improper purposes. - Countries to cause significant difficulties in the protection of copyright. - Countries to cause significant difficulties in the protection of copyright.
Public Perception According to a poll in Sweden - 75% young voters in Sweden support file sharing. - 75% young voters in Sweden support file sharing. ( I think it is OK to download files from the Net, even if it is illegal. ) ( I think it is OK to download files from the Net, even if it is illegal. ) - 38% said "adamantly agreed“. - 38% said "adamantly agreed“. - 39% said "partly agreed". - 39% said "partly agreed".
Attacks on peer-to-peer networks Viruses to carried data. Malware in the peer-to-peer network software itself. Denial of service attacks. Spamming.
Risk Malware. - spyware, viruses, or adware. - spyware, viruses, or adware. Degraded performance on affected systems. (Malware) - Web browsers. - Web browsers. - Anti-virus software. - Anti-virus software. - Anti-spyware. - Anti-spyware. - Software firewalls. - Software firewalls.
Risk Distribute adult pornography to children. Child pornography to anyone. Degraded performance on affected systems. (Malware) - Web browsers. - Web browsers. - Anti-virus software. - Anti-virus software. - Anti-spyware. - Anti-spyware. - Software firewalls. - Software firewalls.
Ethics of file sharing Fair Use - Downloading content for which you have no license is illegal. - Downloading content for which you have no license is illegal. - In practice, very little “fair use” occurs on P2P networks – vast majority of traffic is piracy-related. - In practice, very little “fair use” occurs on P2P networks – vast majority of traffic is piracy-related. Victimless Crime - Ease of committing the crime doesn’t make it OK. - Ease of committing the crime doesn’t make it OK. - Victims include : record companies and employees thereof (including artists) as well as network providers – bandwidth costs money. - Victims include : record companies and employees thereof (including artists) as well as network providers – bandwidth costs money.
Conclusion
Question?