1. P2P Web Standard IS3734/19/10 Michael Radzin

2. What is P2P? Peer to Peer Networking (P2P) is a “direct communications initiations session.” Modern uses have seen it employed for the purpose of exchanging files over the Internet. It is a fairly broad term when used modernly. Peer to Peer Networking (P2P) is a “direct communications initiations session.” Modern uses have seen it employed for the purpose of exchanging files over the Internet. It is a fairly broad term when used modernly. P2P connections are done without a central hub. Essentially, a host server and a leech will connect, with many different variables coming into place. P2P connections are done without a central hub. Essentially, a host server and a leech will connect, with many different variables coming into place. Many modern ways of creating P2P connections are done with free downloadable programs. Many modern ways of creating P2P connections are done with free downloadable programs. With some uses of it, P2P has created a lot of legal issues with copyright infringement. With some uses of it, P2P has created a lot of legal issues with copyright infringement.

3. How does P2P work? At the core, any P2P system involves some type of direct communication between users and nodes. It’s use ranges from instant messaging clients to Skype to Bittorrent. At the core, any P2P system involves some type of direct communication between users and nodes. It’s use ranges from instant messaging clients to Skype to Bittorrent. Many different P2P connections work in different ways. Second generation P2P software like iMesh and KaZaA used the FastTrack protocol to create peer connections. The Fasttrack protocol uses supernodes to improve scalability and a UUHash hashing algorithm. Many different P2P connections work in different ways. Second generation P2P software like iMesh and KaZaA used the FastTrack protocol to create peer connections. The Fasttrack protocol uses supernodes to improve scalability and a UUHash hashing algorithm.

4. How does P2P work? UUHash is a hash algorithm that is employed on the FastTrack network. It can hash large files in very short time periods. It is vulnerable to hash collisions since it only hashes fractions of a file at a time. UUHash is a hash algorithm that is employed on the FastTrack network. It can hash large files in very short time periods. It is vulnerable to hash collisions since it only hashes fractions of a file at a time. UUHash uses MD5 to hash the first 300kb of a file, applies a smallhash function to the next n 300kb blocks, then hashes the last 300kb of the file. If there is an overlap, then the smallhash function will dominate. UUHash uses MD5 to hash the first 300kb of a file, applies a smallhash function to the next n 300kb blocks, then hashes the last 300kb of the file. If there is an overlap, then the smallhash function will dominate.

5. How does P2P work? A Supernode is just like a regular node on a network, but it also serves as a network relayer and a proxy server, which is usually very bandwidth consuming. Not all programs allow the user to control whether they are a supernode. A Supernode is just like a regular node on a network, but it also serves as a network relayer and a proxy server, which is usually very bandwidth consuming. Not all programs allow the user to control whether they are a supernode. Skype is a popular and modern program that uses supernodes. It uses them to maintain information about online users. Before version 3.0, users were a supernode by default and could do nothing to change this. Skype is a popular and modern program that uses supernodes. It uses them to maintain information about online users. Before version 3.0, users were a supernode by default and could do nothing to change this.

6. How does P2P work? BitTorrent creates.torrent files used to store information about a specific file, but does not contain any part of that file. Opening a.torrent file connect to a tracker which tells of it’s location. Small chunks of files are transferred from multiple sources, and this is less bandwidth consuming than previous P2P software. BitTorrent creates.torrent files used to store information about a specific file, but does not contain any part of that file. Opening a.torrent file connect to a tracker which tells of it’s location. Small chunks of files are transferred from multiple sources, and this is less bandwidth consuming than previous P2P software. BitTorrent uses a file-sharing BitTorrent uses a file-sharing ideal called tit-for-tat. ideal called tit-for-tat.

7. A brief history of P2P Late 1960’s Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPAnet): original internet intention and first packet-switching network. Origins of FTP, Telnet, and e- mail. Originally created connections of equal-peers, rather than client/server connections. Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPAnet): original internet intention and first packet-switching network. Origins of FTP, Telnet, and e- mail. Originally created connections of equal-peers, rather than client/server connections. FTP + Telnet: Were early client/server connections, but technically considered peer-to-peer since every host on the Internet could FTP or Telnet to any other host. FTP + Telnet: Were early client/server connections, but technically considered peer-to-peer since every host on the Internet could FTP or Telnet to any other host.

8. A brief history of P2P 1979 Usenet (based on UUCP) Usenet (based on UUCP) Developed by two Duke University students and one UNC student to exchange information over the Unix community. Implemented the Unix-to- Unix copy protocol, where one Unix machine would automatically dial another, exchange files with it, and disconnect. No central authority in control. Usenet grew from the original two sites to hundreds of thousands of sites. A Usenet site joins the rest of the world by setting up a news exchange connection with at least one other news server on the Usenet network.

9. A brief history of P2P 1999-Napster Created in 1999 by teenager Shawn Fanning while he was Attending Northeastern University, lived through 2001. Central server kept an index of all the shared MP3 Files and connected users together. The server Would search this index based on user queries and Be able to establish a connection.

10. A brief history of P2P 2001-> 2001-> iMesh, KaZaA, LimeWire, etc. -After Napster’s downfall, a huge number of P2P programs became popular. KaZaA used similar technology to Napster, but it instead had a decentralized system. It used FastTrack, supernodes, and a Time to Live of 7. -Programs like BearShare, WinMX, and Limewire were Gnutella clients. These all worked very similar to KaZaA, including the Time To Live limit. The lack of a centralized server has helped keep these clients alive from court orders for the most part.

11. A brief history of P2P 2001+-> Bittorrent protocol (accounts for 43% of all internet traffic) Seeds, Leechers, and swarms. Varying download speeds. Need a.torrent file, and a BitTorrent client of some sort. Set the foundation for a whole lot of controversy. Many popular sites and infamous sites for torrents exist, such as isohunt, thepiratebay, and mininova. Set the foundation for a whole lot of controversy. Many popular sites and infamous sites for torrents exist, such as isohunt, thepiratebay, and mininova.

12. P2P and Legality Napster/P2P programs: Napster/P2P programs: Napster was sued by the RIAA in 2000 for copyright infringement. After a guilty ruling and several appeals, Napster was ordered to pay $26 million to recording artists. Napster filed for bankruptcy, and it’s life as a free program ended. Following the Napster ruling, programs like Grokster, KaZaA, and Morpheus also faced legal trouble. Many of these have turned into pay programs, with variations turning into open-source programs. The RIAA also went after many individuals. In December of 2009, Joel Tenenbaum, a 25-year- old college student, was sued by the RIAA and ordered to pay $675,000 for illegal file sharing.

13. P2P and Legality BitTorrent/BitTorrent sites: BitTorrent/BitTorrent sites: While torrent metafiles do not contain data themselves, publishers have been held accountable of copyright infringement in many cases. Many sites have been closed down from this, such as Suprnova, Mininova, and OiNK.cd. Many torrent users have been sent cease and desist letters from their ISP. BitTorrent makes no attempt to encrypt the host responsible for file sharing. A person who wishes to make a file available must run a tracker on a specific host and distribute the tracker address in the.torrent file.

14. References Uuhash http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UUHash Uuhash http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UUHashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UUHash Supernode http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernode_(networking) Supernode http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernode_(networking)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernode_(networking) Fasttrack http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FastTrack Fasttrack http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FastTrackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FastTrack How p2p works http://ezinearticles.com/?How-Peer-to-Peer-(P2P)-Works&id=60126 How p2p works http://ezinearticles.com/?How-Peer-to-Peer-(P2P)-Works&id=60126http://ezinearticles.com/?How-Peer-to-Peer-(P2P)-Works&id=60126 History of p2p http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/8434/a_review_and_history_of_p2p_file_sharing.html?cat=15 History of p2p http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/8434/a_review_and_history_of_p2p_file_sharing.html?cat=15http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/8434/a_review_and_history_of_p2p_file_sharing.html?cat=15 History of p2p http://www.ksc.kwansei.ac.jp/researchfair02/03/website/history.htm History of p2p http://www.ksc.kwansei.ac.jp/researchfair02/03/website/history.htmhttp://www.ksc.kwansei.ac.jp/researchfair02/03/website/history.htm skype p2p http://www.skype.com/help/guides/p2pexplained/ skype p2p http://www.skype.com/help/guides/p2pexplained/http://www.skype.com/help/guides/p2pexplained/ p2p by ehow http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4705420_pp-sharing-work.html p2p by ehow http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4705420_pp-sharing-work.htmlhttp://www.ehow.com/how-does_4705420_pp-sharing-work.html ezp2p by wisegeek http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-p2p.htm ezp2p by wisegeek http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-p2p.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-p2p.htm top p2p programs http://www.blogsdna.com/923/top-20-best-peer-2-peer-p2p-file-sharing-programs-applications-software.htm top p2p programs http://www.blogsdna.com/923/top-20-best-peer-2-peer-p2p-file-sharing-programs-applications-software.htmhttp://www.blogsdna.com/923/top-20-best-peer-2-peer-p2p-file-sharing-programs-applications-software.htm definition of p2p http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci212769,00.html definition of p2p http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci212769,00.htmlhttp://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci212769,00.html peer 2 peer http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer peer 2 peer http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer Md5 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5 Md5 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5 history of p2p http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Fall02/Moody/history.html history of p2p http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Fall02/Moody/history.htmlhttp://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Fall02/Moody/history.html future of p2p http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Fall02/Moody/future.html future of p2p http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Fall02/Moody/future.htmlhttp://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/Fall02/Moody/future.html kazaa fastrack http://computer.howstuffworks.com/kazaa3.htm kazaa fastrack http://computer.howstuffworks.com/kazaa3.htmhttp://computer.howstuffworks.com/kazaa3.htm Joel Tenenbaum vs RIAA http://www.safemediacorp.com/downloads/files/joel.pdf Joel Tenenbaum vs RIAA http://www.safemediacorp.com/downloads/files/joel.pdfhttp://www.safemediacorp.com/downloads/files/joel.pdf

15. Questions?