Objectives for Week Fourteen Explaining Inter-jurisdictional Policy Variation Explaining Inter-jurisdictional Policy Variation Discuss Issues in Urban and Metropolitan Affairs Discuss Issues in Urban and Metropolitan Affairs Case Study on Urban Growth Case Study on Urban Growth Final Research Papers are due on Tuesday, April 29 th in class Final Research Papers are due on Tuesday, April 29 th in class

How Can We Explain Inter-jurisdictional or Temporal Policy Variation?

Viable Policy Outcomes All Possible Policy Alternatives Economic Conditions Interest Groups Focusing Event/ Crisis Institutional Capacity Demographic Trends Political Culture Media Coverage Past Experiences Federal Law/Regulation Fiscal Constraints Competitive Pressures

All Possible Policy Alternatives VPO 1 VPO 2 VPO 3 X2X2 X1X1 X3X3

Urban Sprawl and Expansion “Housing and/or economic development that extends past conventional suburban rings into areas that have been previously undeveloped and/or sparsely populated.” “Housing and/or economic development that extends past conventional suburban rings into areas that have been previously undeveloped and/or sparsely populated.” Evaluate this definition Evaluate this definition Dependent variables? Dependent variables? Independent variables? Independent variables?

Change in Metropolitan Areas What has changed? What has changed? Employment Employment Population and housing Population and housing Transportation Transportation What has not changed? What has not changed? Location of aging infrastructure Location of aging infrastructure Location of poverty Location of poverty Location of social service providers Location of social service providers

Change in Poverty, Detroit

% Change in White Residents, Detroit

Location of Housing Starts, Detroit

Context for Urban Sprawl Politics Politics Taxes, schools, environment, land use, fragmentation Taxes, schools, environment, land use, fragmentation Economics Economics $ in new development $ in new development Transportation Transportation $ for roads, not much for public transit $ for roads, not much for public transit Demographics Demographics Growing suburban populations Growing suburban populations Culture Culture Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny Competition Competition

Spillover Effects and Externalities Produced by Sprawl Positive externalities Positive externalities Negative externalities Negative externalities Implications for IGRs and IG Policy? Implications for IGRs and IG Policy? Where do issues of race and gender fit in? Where do issues of race and gender fit in?

Collective Action and Growth Management Importance of coalition-building Importance of coalition-building Context matters Context matters Legislation is a starting point Legislation is a starting point Maintaining and expanding collective action Maintaining and expanding collective action Institutions matter Institutions matter Complex interdependencies Complex interdependencies

Case on Urban Growth: Questions for Class How does the case narrative end? How does the case narrative end? Create a timeline for St. Claire County’s decision- making process. What are the access points? Create a timeline for St. Claire County’s decision- making process. What are the access points? What should the County Planning Department do in this situation? Ethical considerations? What should the County Planning Department do in this situation? Ethical considerations? Who are your allies? Who are your allies? In retrospect, would you plan differently if you were Gwen Lewis? In retrospect, would you plan differently if you were Gwen Lewis?

Summary Points on Urban Growth Access points in the political system are important to outcomes Access points in the political system are important to outcomes Activity by Federal and State governments matters Activity by Federal and State governments matters Learning across jurisdictions and metro areas Learning across jurisdictions and metro areas Problem of achieving collective action Problem of achieving collective action Importance of behavioral incentives Importance of behavioral incentives

Readings for Next Week Three Readings: Three Readings: Hula Hula Wernstedt and Hersh Wernstedt and Hersh NGA Reading NGA Reading In-class Speaker In-class Speaker Papers are due!!! Papers are due!!!