INTRODUCTION Course on Cleaner Production Middle East Technical University Department of Environmental Engineering Ankara 31 March 2008

Evolution of environmental perspectives

Each chapter contains a theoretical element … also contain: references to Med Clean files for RAC/CP, which provide access to real cases related to the content of the chapter, a case study to enable more in-depth reflection and to facilitate discussion on the future progress of the technique studied. Document Structure

Ch1. PREVENTION AT THE SOURCE AND CP Course on Cleaner Production Middle East Technical University Department of Environmental Engineering Ankara 31 March 2008

introduce the concept of CP defined by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and other institutions describe the development process of the CP concept and its introduction in countries in the Mediterranean area emphasize the function of CP as a programme of eco-efficiency, with environmental and economic advantages describe the role assigned to governments in CP Objective

Economy Social development Industry Environment Sustainable development

Our Common Future = Brundland Report 1992 Agenda 21 development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs qualitative growth that prevents the depletion of primary resources and environmental impacts Sustainable development

1. Reduction at the source 2. Internal and external recycling 3. Material and energy valorisation 4. Treatment of waste streams 5. Controlled disposal when there is no other solution Environmental Management Hierarchy of Approaches to Environmental Management

Do nothing Dilute End-of-pipe treatment Redesign processes: Prevention Eco-efficiency Sustainable development Target: Zero pollution How to deal with pollution…

“ The continuous application of an integrated preventive environmental strategy applied to processes, products and services to increase overall efficiency and reduce risks to humans and the environment. ” CP is applied to: Processes Products Services UNEP Cleaner Production

“ Waste Minimization ” and “ Pollution Prevention ” in the USA The Landskrona study in 1987 PRISMA, and PREPARE (Preventive Environmental Protection Approaches in Europe) UNEP 1989 journal called Cleaner Production UNEP/UNIDO programme Catalonia in Spain, 1991 Guideline for the assessment of opportunities Steps forward CP

World Business Council for Sustainable Development: Large corporations have a series of resources of their own CP as a specific methodology aimed at offering SMEs access to eco-efficiency, in industrialized and developing countries. Eco-efficiency

OECD, eco-efficiency means the efficiency with which resources are used to meet human needs Optimizing processes Revaluating by-products Redesigning products Innovating products and services Eco-efficiency

A life-cycle perspective Evaluating the goals, instruments and assessing the results Integration of the social and economic aspects in the waste reduction policy Institutional mechanisms to facilitate the cooperation between structures Governmental strategy

A tool aimed at improving the environmental action of companies while increasing competitiveness at the same time NAPE: key element for implementing sustainable development in the industrial sector CP in Mediterranean Countries

Lack of available information, training, lack of experts and dissemination of positive experiences Reluctance of companies to change Chances of obtaining financial support CP investment has to compete with other investments National Accounting Systems do not take into consideration the depletion or the degradation of natural resources Obstacles to CP Implementation

There are currently very comprehensive dossiers with information on CP : Med Clean file, websites on Internet CP centres and universities as training centres for future professionals can play a very important role in information dissemination and expert training Greening of curricula