Figure 54.0 A terrarium, an example of an ecosystem

Figure 54.1 An overview of ecosystem dynamics

Figure 54.2 Fungi decomposing a log

Figure 54.3 Primary production of different ecosystems

Figure 54.4 Regional annual net primary production for Earth

Figure 54.5 Vertical distribution of temperature, nutrients, and production in the upper layer of the central North Pacific during summer

Figure 54.6 Experiments on nutrient limitations to phytoplankton production in coastal waters of Long Island

Table 54.1 Nutrient Enrichment Experiments for Sargasso Sea Samples

Figure 54.7 Remote sensing of primary production in oceans

Figure 54.8 The experimental eutrophication of a lake

Figure 54.9 Nutrient addition experiments in a Hudson Bay salt marsh

Figure Energy partitioning within a link of the food chain

Figure An idealized pyramid of net production

Figure Pyramids of biomass (standing crop)

Figure A pyramid of numbers

Figure Food energy available to the human population at different trophic levels

Figure A general model of nutrient cycling

Figure The water cycle

Figure The carbon cycle

Figure The nitrogen cycle

Figure The phosphorous cycle

Figure Review: Generalized scheme for biogeochemical cycles

Figure Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Concrete dams (left), logged watersheds (right)

Figure 54.21c Nutrient cycling in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: an example of long-term ecological research

Figure Agricultural impact on soil nutrients

Figure 54.23a Distribution of acid precipitation in North America and Europe

Figure 54.23b U.S. map profiling pH averages for precipitation in 1999

Figure We’ve changed our tune

Figure Biological magnification of DDT in a food chain

Figure The increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide and average temperatures from 1958 to 2000

Figure 54.27a Erosion of Earth’s ozone shield: The ozone hole over the Antarctic

Figure 54.27b Erosion of Earth’s ozone shield: Thickness of the ozone layer