SCIPP R&D on the International Linear Collider Detector DOE Site Visit June 28, 2005 Presenter: Bruce Schumm

The Last SCIPP Slide on the SLD that You Will Ever See DIRECT MEASUREMENTS OF A(B) AND A(C) USING VERTEX/KAON CHARGE TAGS AT SLD Published in Phys.Rev.Lett.94:091801,2005 A c =   A b =   Best measurement of these parameters Technique leads the way to future measurements (GigaZ)

R&D Activity is increasing, with studies now on four fronts:  Physics and machine studies for e - e - running  Detector resolution standards from physics simulation  Reconstruction capabilities of all-silicon tracking  Hardware proof-of-principle of low-mass silicon tracking Current involvements (all very much part time) 3 senior physicists, 2 post-docs, 2 graduate students, 4 undergraduate thesis students, 1 Engineer, 1 technical staff, one bored spouse of a Silicon Valley engineer.

International Linear Collider: Activity on the e - e - Front Clem Heusch is the SCIPP participant in e - e - studies Leading international effort in the use and application of e - e - beams at the ILC Continuing series of workshops hosted by SCIPP; proceedings published in World Scientific Heusch is a member of ILC Subcommittee on International Collaboration.

Detector Resolution Standards from Selectron Production Participants: Senior Physicist Bruce Schumm Undergraduate Thesis Students Troy Lau *, Joseph Rose, Matthew Vegas, Eric Wallace Community Member (on hold before Grad School) Ayelet Lorberbaum * Recipient of two Undergraduate Research Awards; grad school at U. Michigan this fall.

Original Motivation To explore the effects of limited detector resolution on our ability to measure SUSY parameters in the forward (|cos(  )| >.8) region. SiD Tracker

selectrons LSP SPS 1 Spectroscopy: At E cm = 1Tev, selectrons and neutralino are light. Beam/Brehm: √s min =1 √s max =1000  =.29 s z =.11 (mm)

sample electron energy distribution M selectron = (SPS1A) Lower Endpoint Upper Endpoint Electron energy distribution with beam/bremm/ISR (.16%). No detector effects or beam energy spread.

SPS1A at 1 TeV Selectrons vs. cos(  ) Electrons vs. cos(  ) Roughly ½ of statistics above |cos(  )| of 0.8, but…

The spectrum is weighted towards higher energy at high |cos(  )|, so there’s more information in the forward region than one might expect.

Determine the selectron mass accuracy in both the central (0 < |cos  | < 1) and full (0 < |cos  | < 1) region

Detailed Simulation of SiD Tracking System (and SiD variants) Participants: Senior Physicist Bruce Schumm Graduate Students Christian Flacco, Luke Winstrom, Michael Young * * Supported primarily through department (TA) funds; work deemed important enough that SLAC is paying for ½ of his support this summer.

Two areas of work: Pulse Development Simulation Provides simulation of pulse development and amplification. Will soon be incorporated in international simulation framework (awaiting “hook” from Norman Graf at SLAC) SiD Tracking Capabilities Explore tracking performance of five-layer SiD tracker, as well as that of 8-layer variant Detailed Simulation of SiD Tracking System (and SiD variants), continued

Pulse Development Simulation Long Shaping-Time Limit: strip sees signal if and only if hole is col- lected onto strip (no electrostatic coupling to neighboring strips) Charge Deposition: Landau distribution (SSSimSide; Gerry Lynch LBNL) in ~20 independent layers through thickness of device Geometry: Variable strip pitch, sensor thickness, orientation (2 dimen- sions) and track impact parameter Lorentz Angle: 18 mrad per Tesla (holes), from measurements

Carrier Diffusion Hole diffusion distribution given by Offest t 0 reflects instantaneous expansion of hole cloud due to space-charge repulsion. Diffusion constant given by Reference: E. Belau et al., NIM 214, p253 (1983)  h = hole mobility

Electronics Simulation Detector Noise: From SPICE simulation, normalized to bench tests with GLAST electronics Analog Measurement: Employs time-over- threshold with variable clock speed; lookup table provides conversions back into analog pulse height (as for actual data) RMS Gaussian Fit Detector Resolution (units of 10  m) Will be incorporated into LCD simulation by Snow- mass

Pattern Recognition Capabilities of an All- Silicon Central Tracker Can one do pattern recognition with only five central tracking layers? Might more layers improve performance to an extent that justifies the extra material? SiD Tracker

Focussed on Snowmass workshop:  Incorporate realistic pulse-development simulation (reconstruction efficiency in jet core)  Explore and optimize “outside-in” code making using of calorimeter clusters (Von Toerne, Onoprienko, Kansas State)  Characterize missed tracks  Study momentum resolution of fully simulated tracks  Explore extrapolation into ECAL (energy flow) Simulation Study Goals

Senior Physicists Alex Grillo, Bruce Schumm Post-Doctoral Fellows Jurgen Kroseberg, Gavin Nesom Technical Staff Ned Spencer*, Max Wilder * Lead Engineer Hardware Development of Long Shaping-Time  strip Readout for the Linear Collider Detector

The Longest Ladders of all: The Gossamer Tracker Agilent 0.5  m CMOS process (qualified by GLAST) Min-i for 300  m Si is about 24,000 electrons Shaping (  s) Length (cm)Noise (e - ) Q: Can the entire half-length be read out as a single element?

Result: S/N for 167cm Ladder At shaping time of 3  s; 0.5  m process qualified by GLAST

Potential Advantages of the Gossamer Tracker Such a tracker may prove mechanically simpler, and offers the greatest possibility of competing with gaseous tracking at low p . We are awaiting the return of a prototype front-end chip, and designing the digital data-handling architecture.

RMS Gaussian Fit RMS Gaussian Fit Readout Threshold (Fraction of min-i) Trigger Threshold 167cm Ladder 132cm Ladder Resolution With and Without Second (Readout) Threshold at  shape =3  s

Design in 0.25  m complete; to be received early July

The Long Shaping-Time Front-End (LSTFE) project represents SCIPP’s transition to deep sub-micron (0.25  m) design. First attempt failed due to low-tech error (input pad connections), but we have now re-optimized for the cold RF technology (few-month turn-around). Full test and readout system developed in concert with PTSM (medical physics) system, awaiting arrival of prototype chip. Preparing to construct long microstrip ladder (1-2 meters). Have also moved forward into FPGA programming, which has allowed us to do digital (back-end) designs with minimal engineering support…

FIFO (Leading and trailing transitions) Low Comparator Leading-Edge-Enable Domain Proposed LSTFE Back-End Architecture Clock Period  = 400 nsec Event Time 8:1 Multi- plexing (  clock = 50 ns)

Master FIFO Per 128 Channel Chip: 1 Master FIFO reads out 32 local FIFO’s Store in Master FIFO essentially complete by end of ~1ms beam spill Controller FIFO Proposed LSTFE Back-End Architecture (cont’d)

By Snowmass, hope to have proposed digital architecture programmed into an FPGA, and have tested it with simulated data stream (Nesom, Kroseberg). Also beginning to think of data transmission; several hundred fibers (1 per ladder) operating in burst mode. Expertise on campus in Electrical Engineering department on intermittent use of opto-electronic devices (Ken Pedrotti; is an inter-departmental member of SCIPP. Expect another submission to refine design and increase channel count for ~fall 2006 testbeam run. Some Near-Term Goals for Hardware Development

ILC R&D SUMMARY For those with nearer-term physics project, ILC R&D provides a great avenue for advancing detection techniques and maintaining an institutional edge SCIPP is involved in many levels of studies aimed at defining and designing a tracker up to the task of exploring precision Linear Collider physics. While no one at SCIPP works on the Linear Collider as a primary commitment, we are doing critical-path work on detector R&D, and the work is an important part of our research program.