Movement part 2

Cerebellum and Brainstem KW p. 363

Cerebellum KW Inputs: proprioceptors and balance sense Outputs: motor pathways

Cerebellum Functions habit formation timing attention coordination of movements

Prism Vision and the cerebellum 1 KW 10-21

Prism Vision and the cerebellum 2 KW 10-21

Feedback to Cerebellum KW Inferior olive is area in brain stem opposite cerebellum

Basal Ganglia KW 10-18

Pathways to Basal Ganglia KW Basal Ganglia

Connections from the substantia nigra: (a) normal and (b) in Parkinson’s disease Excitatory paths are shown in green; inhibitory are in red. People with Parkinson’s disease show decreased initiation of movement, slow and inaccurate movement, and psychological depression.

Parkinson’s Disease Symptoms-rigidity, muscle tremors, slow movement, difficulty initiating movement Brain Changes-Selective loss of cells in substantia nigra and amygdala/decrease in dopamine Possible Causes genetics exposure to toxins (MPTP)

Parkinson’s Disease L-Dopa Treatment precursor for dopamine demonstrates individual effectiveness does not stop progression of the disease numerous side effects (nausea, restlessness, sleep problems, low blood pressure, hallucinations, and delusions) Therapies Other Than L-Dopa Pallidotomy Cell transplants Deep brain stimulation

Connections from the substantia nigra: (a) normal and (b) in Parkinson’s disease Excitatory paths are shown in green; inhibitory are in red. People with Parkinson’s disease show decreased initiation of movement, slow and inaccurate movement, and psychological depression.

Pathways to Basal Ganglia KW Basal Ganglia