Defining Nutrition Nutrition is the science that investigates the relationship between the bodies physiological functioning and the essential elements/ nutrients we consume. Nutrition is the science that investigates the relationship between the bodies physiological functioning and the essential elements/ nutrients we consume. Nutrients include: macro and micro Nutrients include: macro and micro –carbohydrates, fats, proteins –vitamins, minerals and water –alcohol

What’s the difference between Hunger and Appetite? Hunger - the physiological need to eat – Hunger - the physiological need to eat – Appetite - the desire to eat - more mental Appetite - the desire to eat - more mental The hunger response is controlled by the brain. Once there is a decrease in nutrients or water in the blood, hormones are sent to the hypothalamus that signals the hunger response = an increase in stomach contractions and secretions = hunger pains / gurgling sensations. The hunger response is controlled by the brain. Once there is a decrease in nutrients or water in the blood, hormones are sent to the hypothalamus that signals the hunger response = an increase in stomach contractions and secretions = hunger pains / gurgling sensations. When our body craves food and is hungry - it is letting us know that we need to take in calories to produce nutrients and energy. When our body craves food and is hungry - it is letting us know that we need to take in calories to produce nutrients and energy.

Factors that prompt us to eat. When, What, Why & How much  Sensory Perception Religion and Family Religion and Family Social pressures Social pressures Convenience Convenience Size and color of the plate Size and color of the plate Economic Sautés Economic Sautés Stress Stress Emotional Status Boredom Time of day Psychological conditions Cultural factors Pleasure Feeling Ill / Comfort foods

What is a Calorie? A unit of energy that indicates the amount of energy we obtain from a particular nutrient. A unit of energy that indicates the amount of energy we obtain from a particular nutrient. 1 kilo/calorie equals the amount of energy it takes to: increase the temperature of 1 mL of water 1 degree Celsius. 1 kilo/calorie equals the amount of energy it takes to: increase the temperature of 1 mL of water 1 degree Celsius.

Macronutrients Carbs, Fats/Lipids and Proteins all have calories therefore they produce energy Carbs, Fats/Lipids and Proteins all have calories therefore they produce energy –Carbs - 1 gram of carbs contains 4 calories –Proteins - 1 gram of protein contains 4 calories –Fats/Lipids - 1 gram of fats/lipids contains 9 calories –Alcohol - 1 gram of alcohol contains 7 calories

Micronutrients Vitamins, Minerals and Water Vitamins, Minerals and Water –They do not contain any calories, therefore they do not provide any energy to the body. –They promote and regulate body functioning.

How much should we eat? The total amount caloric intake depends on variables such as: body size / age / activity status and lifestyle. The total amount caloric intake depends on variables such as: body size / age / activity status and lifestyle. Average Men = 2000 – 2500 per day Average Men = 2000 – 2500 per day Average Women = 1500 – 1800 per day Average Women = 1500 – 1800 per day Wt. x activity level = total calories per day Wt. x activity level = total calories per day