Clean air for London: ClearfLo David Green, King’s College London

Contents Project overview Consortium, aims and methodology Infrastructure and instrumentation Monitoring sites, instrumentation, IOPs Science programme Analysis aims 2

ClearfLo Consortium NERC Environment and Health Programme Coordinated by National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) University of Reading University of York University of Leeds University of Salford CEH Edinburgh University of East Anglia University of Leicester University of Manchester King’s College London University of Birmingham University of Hertfordshire 3

ClearfLo Aims 1.Establish an infrastructure to measure meteorology, gaseous composition and particulate 2.Develop a climatology of London’s urban atmosphere 3.Determine the meteorological processes that control the heat content, mixing properties and depth of London’s urban boundary layer 4.Determine the chemical processes that control the loading of O 3 and NO 2 in London 5.Determine the chemical and physical processes that control the size and number distribution of particulate matter 6.Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of a current air quality model Leading to a greater understanding of and ability to predict key health drivers - PM, NO X, O 3, temperature 4

ClearfLo Methodology 5

Infrastructure programme 6

London Sites 7

Improving infrastructure Creating more room in existing monitoring stations North Kensington Marylebone Road 8

Improving measurement capabilities Adding pollution measurements to established weather stations Adding pollution and / or meteorological sensors at: 1. Rural sites 2. High level 3. Established sites 9

Particulate Matter Wider PM size range 10 nm – 10+ µm Urban and kerbside increments Different heights East to west transect Q-AMS at Marylebone Road (approx 12 months) Additional PM samplers at all sites Provide samples for toxicity and further chemical analysis 10 D. Beddows et al An Enhanced Procedure For The Merging Of Atmospheric Particle Size Distribution Data Measured Using Electrical Mobility And Time-of-flight Analysers (In review)

Gaseous BT Tower High sensitivity (10-15 pptv), fast response (1 Hz) NO and NO 2 High sensitivity (3 ppbv), fast response (1 Hz) CO Give both fluxes and concentrations O 3, CO 2 and H 2 0 also measured High sensitivity CO (10 ppbv) at North Kensington 11

Meteorological measurements Ceilometers at NK, MR, KCL and Detling Boundary layer height, cloud height and aerosol backscatter profiles Eddy correlation (EC) masts at NK, BT, KCL and Chilbolton Turbulence, radiation, energy balance fluxes and standard meteorological variables Large Aperture Scintilometry (LAS) at NK and KCL Turbulent heat fluxes 12

Marylebone Road North KensingtonBT Tower King's StrandHarwellChilboltonDetling Met SonicECSonicECMet stationECMet station LASECLASRadar Ceilometer Met stationCeilometerLidarCeilometer Gaseous CO Fast NO X MAX-DOASCO NO 2 Total NOyNO 2 O3O3 O3O3 Fast COO3O3 O3O3 O3O3 SO 2 O 3 + fast O 3 SO 2 CO (high sensitivity) Particulate Matter PM 10 FDMS dichot FDMS PM 10 FDMS PM 2.5 FDMS PM comp SMPS PM 10 samp PM 2.5 samp APS Q-AMS 13

Intensive Observation Periods Summer and winter (5 weeks each) in 2011/2012 Background site in London (location TBC) Coincide with EMEP Intensives? Vertical structure of urban boundary layer Doppler lidar, MAX-DOAS Diurnal evolution of boundary layer over urban surface Comparing Doppler lidars at Chilbolton and Lodnon Measure biogenic species Dual channel gas chromatograph Measure radical species Laser Induced Fluorescence Physical and compositional properties of PM TOF-AMS, ATOFMS, HTDMA, PASS-3 14

Science programme Seasonal variations in boundary layer, gaseous concs, PM concs and increments, modelled met and modelled concs Urban boundary layer processes Night-time processes, sea breezes Composition processes Oxidative budget, long range transport, night time processes, satellite vs. street obs, changes in emissions Particles and Health Processes Spatial variation, sub-micron aerosol chemical composition Air Quality modelling & Integration Synthesis of long term modelled and measured data 15

ClearfLo Consortium NERC Environment and Health Programme Coordinated by National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) University of Reading University of York University of Leeds University of Salford CEH Edinburgh University of East Anglia University of Leicester University of Manchester King’s College London University of Birmingham University of Hertfordshire 16