Blood Glucose G-6-P Glycogen F-6-P F-1,6-P (2) G-3-PDHAP Phosphorylase (2) 1,3 DPG(2) 3PG (2) 2PG (2) PEP (2) Pyruvic Acid Oxidative Metabolism Lactic Acid (+) insulin HKHK Hexosephosphate Isomerase PFK Aldolase Triosephosphate Isomerase G3P DH PG Kinase PG Mutase Enolase PK LDH ATPADP ATP ADP ATPADP ADP ATP Alanine Alanine Transaminase NADH+H + NAD + (-)ATP Blue=enzymes Lt Blue-allosteric inhibitor/stimulators Red=ATP or ADP used or produced Pink=reduced/oxidized NAD Black Bold=intermediates in metabolism Without O 2 With O 2 To the ETS If O 2 present Sarcoplasm Sarcolemma Anaerobic Glycolysis

Pyruvic Acid Acetyl Co-A Fatty Acids From Beta Oxidation Cis-Aconitic Acid Isocitric Acid Alpha Keto- Glutaric Acid Succinyl Co-A Succinic Acid Fumaric Acid Malic Acid Oxaloacetic Acid Blue=enzymes Lt Blue-allosteric inhibitor/stimulators Red=ATP or ADP used or produced Pink=reduced/oxidized NAD/FAD Black Bold=intermediates in metabolism PDH PC Citric Acid CS IDH AKG DH Succinyl Co-A Synthetase SDH Fumerase Malate DH NAD + NADH+H + NAD + NADH+H + ADP ATP FADH 2 CO 2 From Glycolysis Mitochondria Kreb’s Cycle FAD +

Triglyceride=Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids Fatty Acid with “N” number of Carbons Molecule with a Co-A Attached Add Water Rearrange the molecule Cleave an Acetyl Co-A off of the molecule Remaining Portion of the molecule (-) 2C ATP AMP Rearrange Molecule To the Kreb’s Cycle Beta Oxidation of Fatty Acids FAD + FADH 2 NAD + NADH+H + Thiokinase Thiolase Broken down by Lipase Co-A

FP 1 CoEnzyme Q Cytochrome b Cytochrome c Cytochrome a Cytochrome a 3 NADH+H + NAD + FADH 2 FAD + ½ O 2 H2OH2O ADP ATP ADP ATP ADP ATP The Electron Transport System Return to Glycolysis, Beta Oxidation or Kreb’s to be reduced Return to Glycolysis, Beta Oxidation or Kreb’s to be reduced Mitochondria