Chapter 13 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Data Analysis

Chapter 13 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Data Analysis – 3 Steps 1.Select appropriate technique for data and research questions 2.Apply technique or calculate using the technique 3.Interpret results of technique

Chapter 13 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al SamplePopulation StatisticsParameters drawn from used to estimate US college students 1000 Students from 100 Colleges & Universities Average Scores in Groups Standing of all US College Students

Chapter 13 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Types of statistics 1.Descriptive vs Inferential 2.Parametric vs Nonparametric 3.Univariate vs Multivariate

Chapter 13 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Describes characteristics of a group Used in process of making inference from sample to a population

Chapter 13 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Usually requires interval data and normal distribution Does not require interval data and normal distribution

Chapter 13 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Each subject contributes one score on one variable Each subject contributes multiple scores on multiple variables

Chapter 13 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Chapter 13 Descriptive Data Analysis

Chapter 13 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Computer Analysis Statistical programs –SPSS –SAS

Chapter 13 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Organizing and Graphing Test Scores simple frequency distribution grouping scores for graphing –frequency polygon –normal curve (bell-shaped curve), negatively skewed curve, positively skewed curve, leptokurtic, platykurtic –histogram

Chapter 13 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Descriptive Values Measures of central tendency –Mode –Median –Mean Measures of variability –Range –Standard deviation –Variance Measuring group position –Percentile ranks and percentiles –Standard Scores

Chapter 13 Conducting & Reading Research Baumgartner et al Determining Relationships between Scores The graphing technique –scattergram, regression line The correlation technique –correlation coefficient (r) has direction and strength –coefficient of determination