The Emergence of Human Societies, to 3000 B.C.E.

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The Emergence of Human Societies, to 3000 B.C.E. CHAPTER 1 The Emergence of Human Societies, to 3000 B.C.E. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

1. Our Earliest Ancestors A. Hominids and Cultural Adaptation 1. Hominid adaptation through intelligence B. Foraging, Family, and Gender 1. Foraging bands 2. Family, gender, and child rearing 3. Social cooperation Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

1. Our Earliest Ancestors (cont’d) C. Ice Age Migrations and Homo Sapiens 1. Migration to Eurasia 2. Evolution of Homo Sapiens 3. Development of intellectual and linguistic skills 4. Population growth 5. Migration to Australia and Americas D. Physical and Cultural Diversity 1. A single species 2. The environment and cultural diversity Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

1. Our Earliest Ancestors (cont’d) E. Paleolithic Cultural and Spiritual Perspectives 1. Symbolic and artistic expression 2. Rituals and religion F. Intercultural Connections and Conflicts 1. Commercial connections 2. Conflict over resources Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

2. The Origins and Impact of Agriculture A. The Origins of Farming and Herding 1. West Asian beginnings 2. Climate and settled agriculture 3. Settlement, population, and productivity 4. Animal husbandry B. Agricultural Innovation and Expansion 1. Agricultural diversity and dissemination 2. Agricultural innovation 3. Farming and population growth Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

2. The Origins and Impact of Agriculture (cont’d) C. Foragers, Hunter-Farmers, and Pastoral Nomads 1. Persistence of foraging and other social patterns 2. Connections between nomads and settled farmers D. Agricultural Society: Village, Family, and Land 1. Village life 2. Growth and social complexity 3. Farming, family, and gender E. The Impact of Agriculture 1. The disadvantages of farming 2. Surpluses Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

3. The Emergence of Complex Societies A. Towns, Cities, Occupations, and Religion 1. Surplus food and urbanization 2. Economic specialization 3. The growth of organized religion 4. Political elites B. States and Civilizations 1. Political centralization 2. The power of cities 3. Civilization and rivers Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. Early Human Cave Art Fossils and cultural artifacts, such as these dramatic paintings on cave walls in southern France, provide us with insights into the lives and societies of early humans (pages 8-9).

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. Early hominid tools.

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

The Venus of Willendorf. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. The Venus of Willendorf.

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

Early potters and pottery in West Asia. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved. Early potters and pottery in West Asia.

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.