Standardized Awareness Authorized Training, Train-the-Trainer Explosive Devices

Objectives Discuss the types of Improvised Explosive Devices (IED) and the explosives and components used to make them. Identify the types of explosive incident response actions. Identify potential sources in the community where explosive devices are manufactured, transported, stored, used, or disposed.

Objectives (continued) Identify the indicators of a possible criminal/terrorist act involving explosives. Discuss the protective actions for an explosive incident. Identify structural hazards and safety considerations for individuals during incidents involving explosives. Discuss instructional strategies for facilitating the “Explosive Devices” module.

Explosive Categories Low Explosives High Explosives

Stimuli Heat Friction Impact/shock Static electricity Radio Frequency (RF)

Categories of High Explosives Primary Secondary Tertiary

Explosive Materials Potassium Chlorate Peroxide-based explosives Powdered Ammonium Nitrate and Aluminum Powder Urea Nitrate Hypergolic explosives

Photo courtesy of The Bureau of Diplomatic Security Types of IED Package-type IED Vehicle-borne IED Suicide IED IED’S may be deployed in any shape, form or size. Photo courtesy of The Bureau of Diplomatic Security

IED Components Courtesy of the CDP PG. 6-16 INSTRUCTORS GUIDE; Electrically initiated IED’s generally consist of four components; power source, initiator, explosive, and switch. Courtesy of the CDP

Explosive Incident Response Preblast incident Postblast response Continuing explosive incident Photo courtesy of The County of San Diego Department of Environmental Health

Secondary Devices Evaluate the scene Visually scan the operating areas Avoid touching or moving anything Designate and enforce scene control zones Evacuate casualties as quickly/safely as possible

Courtesy of FEMA News Photo Explosion Effects Incendiary/Thermal effect Fragmentation Shrapnel Blast Pressure Positive Pressure Negative Pressure Ground and/or water shock Courtesy of FEMA News Photo

Potential Injuries Broken bones, cuts, abrasions Eardrum rupture Lung collapse Death

Potential Sources of Explosives Agriculture Demilitarization work Excavation Firefighting/fire suppression systems Logging Manufacturing Railroads Tunneling Welding

Indicators of a Criminal/Terrorist Act Involving Explosives Theft of explosives Rental of storage space Unusual deliveries of explosives or chemicals Chemical fires, toxic odors, stains, or rusted metal fixtures Small test explosions Treated/untreated chemical burns Modification of vehicles to support heavier loads

Indicators of a Criminal/Terrorist Act Involving Explosives (continued) Clues for suicide IEDs Wearing clothing out of season or location Loose clothing Carrying heavy luggage/backpack Walking with purpose but not running Purchasing a one-way ticket

Protective Actions for Explosive Devices Courtesy of CDP

Safety Considerations for Individuals Do not use wireless communication devices. Notify the proper authorities; (depending on jurisdiction & situation) Clear and control the area. Stage emergency personnel outside control point. Use standard isolation zones. Do not approach the suspected device.

Hazards Encountered in a Postblast Response Structural Hazards Glass Fragment Collapse Other Hazards Utilities Contaminants Multiple devices Photo courtesy of FEMA News Photo

Courtesy of FEMA/Michael Rieger Activity Courtesy of FEMA/Michael Rieger

Questions for Presentation Preparation How will you relate the importance of learning this module to your participants? What do participants need to learn from this module? What additional resources can you use to reinforce learning the module content? How will you involve participants in learning this material? Which safety concerns need reinforcement in this module?

Conclusion What are the types, categories, preparation, factors, and components of IEDs? What are the types of explosive incident response actions? What are some characteristics of typical occupancies and locations in the community where explosive devices are manufactured, transported, stored, used, or disposed? How are the principles of recognition, identification, and classification applied to explosive device emergencies?

Conclusion (continued) What are the indicators of a possible criminal/terrorist act involving explosives? How are protective actions used for an incident involving explosives? Can you name safety considerations for individuals during incidents involving explosions? What are some potential instructional strategies you could use for facilitating the “Explosive Devices” module?

Standardized Awareness Authorized Training, Train-the-Trainer Explosive Devices—End of Module