1 Annotated Bibliography

2 WHAT IS AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY? An annotated bibliography is a list of citations to different written works (i.e., books, articles, and documents). Each citation is followed by a brief summary (usually about 150 words) that describes and evaluates the work (the annotation). The purpose of the annotation is to inform the reader of the findings of the work, relevance, accuracy, and quality of the source.

3 Requirements Minimum of 25 citations 10 books (from a range of years) journal articles Up to 5 unpublished reports All citations must be academic/scholarly Annotations must be critical

4 What is an academic source? Look for the following clues to help you decide if a source is academic or "scholarly":

5 Clues written by experts: while journalists are expert writers, scholarly articles are written by experts in a particular field like anthropology, literature, medicine, law, etc.. An author's credentials (PhD, MD, etc.) and affiliation (university, laboratory, hospital, etc.) should be listed.

6 Clues cites many sources: just linking to other websites or suggesting further reading is not enough--the author must have supported their new research with other peoples' research.

7 Clues "peer-reviewed" or "refereed": when an article is peer-reviewed or refereed it is reviewed by other experts in the field to make sure the research was done properly. You might not be able to tell from an individual article if it has been peer- reviewed--in many databases you can use the “refine search” feature to help narrow your search to academic sources but you will still need to make sure the articles you select meet the other criteria above.

8 ANNOTATIONS VS. ABSTRACTS Abstracts are the purely descriptive summaries often found at the beginning of scholarly journal articles or in periodical indexes. Annotations are descriptive and critical; they expose the author's point of view, clarity and appropriateness of expression, and authority.

9 What use is a annotated Bibliography? Often in a graduate program you have to write a thesis or dissertation. The first stage of the process is choosing a research topic, then you must familiarize yourself with the literature on that subject so you can develop a research question and method of answering the question.

10 The Importance of Working with Literature Working with literature is an essential part of a research process that: generates ideas helps form significant questions Provides a benchmark for comparing results from other studies

11 Purpose The following chart is one that I show my graduate students to help them understand the research process. In this class you will focus only on the first two branches of flow chart.

12 Working with literature Working with Literature Literature Find it! Manage it! Use it! Review it! Knowing the literature types Reading efficiently Choosing your research topic Understanding the lit review’s purpose Using available resources Keeping track of references Developing your question Ensuring adequate coverage Honing your search skills Writing relevant annotations Arguing your rationale Informing your work with theory Designing method Writing purposefully Working on style and tone

13 Finding the literature Make sure you find a broad range of literature. Don’t just look at They don’t have all the relevant journals. Use a variety of databases to find timely and relevant material. For example: Social Science Citation Index Academic Search Premier

14 Finding literature Don’t go it alone!! When looking for literature be sure to call on the experts such as: librarians other researchers practitioners

15 Mapping the literature (in)Equality in the Judicial System RaceRaceGenderGenderEconomicEconomicOtherOther White v. non-white Threat perception representation Age Minority Specific Judicial perception Occupation culture Minority v. Minority. Access to resources Status Judicial elections Stages of the Process sexuality nationality

16 Intersecting Areas of Literature BODY PIERCING ▪ TEENAGERS ▪ RITES OF PASSAGE ▪     FOUCAULT ▪      ▪ background literature  moderate relevance  high relevance  highest relevance

17 Annotating Sources Annotating your sources provides you with a record of relevant literature. It should include: the citation The problem and purpose of the study Brief information about the sample/population, etc. Key results critical commentary notes on relevance that remind you of the significance, accuracy, and quality of the source Methodology (i.e., quantitative; qualitative)

18 Strategies for doing an annotated bibliography What technique will you use to assemble a sample of the relevant literature.

19 Strategies for a Review of the Literature Techniques to assemble a sampling frame of the literature 1. nonsystematic browsing (snowball technique) 2. systematic-catalogue/databases; journal indexes Types of Samples 1. complete inventory (beyond the scope of this class) 2. representative review of the literature - pertinent to the problem - bears directly on the problem - major articles (i.e., highly cited) - major and conflicting ideas, viewpoints, facts, opinions - a balance of all of these things

20 One more thing I will also need a photocopy of the cover page of the books you are examining and the first page of the journal article.

21 One more thing (really) You also need a one page introduction that briefly describes the literature you found (i.e., patterns, contradictions, etc.).