Population Pyramids: Graphing Population Data by Age & Sex

Different Ages – Different Roles

Dependency Load Dependency Load: % of the population under age 15 and aged 65 and over we can see a country’s dependency load by graphing the data – population pyramid

1. Population Pyramid Allows you to graph the number of males and females in a country by age groups We can see the % of younger & older people within the population Uses horizontal bar graphs Left side of graph is always male Right side of graph is always female Use different colours for each sex

2. Canada’s Changing Population Structure Look at Canada’s population pyramid from 1956 Why do you think Canada had a rapid population growth during this period?

3. Rapid Population Growth in 1950’s Post-WWII: 1. Many immigrants coming into the country 2. People were having moderately large families 3. Canada was in the midst of a “baby boom” Babies born btw 1946 and 1961 are referred to as “baby boomers”

4. Comparing 1956 and 2004 (pg 190) What do you notice about the size of their dependency loads? Both pyramids have high dependency loads, but since 1956… % of children decreased % of elderly increased

5. Impact of High Dependency Load In 1956: Emphasis on providing schools for growing number of kids In 2004: Little need for new schools, except in some new suburban areas (Some schools are even closing down) Those in gr. 1 in 1956 were now 54 yrs old Need to shift Canadian society’s focus to provide services for older population Brainstorm: How will you be affected by Canada’s dependency load (large aging population) in the future?

What does Canada’s aging population mean for Canadian Society What does Canada’s aging population mean for Canadian Society? Brainstorm. Part of Canadian Society How Canada’s aging population will affect it: Healthcare Housing The people available to work (the work force) Job opportunities for younger Canadians The sorts of things Canadians will want to buy

4 Types of Population Pyramids We can tell a lot from the shape of a population pyramid Expansive — a wide base, meaning a high proportion of children, a fast rate of population growth, and a low proportion of older people. Stable — a structure with indentations that even out and reflect slow growth over a period of time Stationary — a narrow base and roughly equal numbers in each age group, tapering off at the older ages. Declining — a high proportion of aged persons and declining numbers.

1. Expansive (wide base) wide base: lots of children = high birth rate high death rate fast rate of population growth Few older people

2. Stable (wide middle) Slow growth over a period of time High birth rate Decreasing death rate

3. Stationary (equal numbers) a narrowing base - fewer children = drop in birth rate roughly equal numbers in each age group, tapering off at the older ages.

4. Declining (narrow base) Birth rate declines to point where it’s close to death rate High number of aged people declining numbers in population

Case Study #1 - India

India 2005

India 2020

India 2050

Case Study #2 - Japan

Japan 2010

Japan 2020

Japan 2050

Let’s look at some population pyramids! Canada’s population 1901 – 2001 : http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/analytic/companion/age/cda01pymd.cfm   Canada’s population projection 2056: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/ads-annonces/91-520-x/pyra-eng.htm Population pyramids of different countries: http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/country.php