C H A P T E R Innisfree McKinnon University of Oregon © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Outline 5 The Atlantic Periphery

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Regional Chapter Sections Environmental Setting Historical Setting Political Economy Culture, People, Places

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Objectives Environmental Setting –States & provinces in the region –Geomorphic processes –Common environmental hazards Historical Settlement –Northeast cultural complex groups –European & African settlement patterns

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Objectives Political Economy –Core & periphery areas –Types of primary production –Impacts of spillover migrants Culture, People, Places –Urban settlement & large cities –Sense of place & cultural landscapes of the region –Future of the region

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Landforms N. Appalachian Mountains Highly eroded Impacted by glaciation during last ice age Thin, rocky soil Many lakes & ponds Rugged coastline Little flat land Many harbors

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The Collapse of the Great Stone Face

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Weather and Climate Cool mild summers Cold, snowy winters Year round precipitation Labrador Current Gulf Stream

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Natural Hazards Fogs Heavy snowfalls, blizzards (>100"snow/year) Nor'easters Hurricanes & tropical storms in later summer & fall

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Pre-European Settlement Northeast Cultural Area complex –Mi'kmaq Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, & Prince Edward Island Hunted caribou & fished –Beothuck Northern Newfoundland –Passamaquoddy N. New England & New Brunswick –Penobscot N. New England & New Brunswick

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Norse exploration Vinland Skraelings – Native Americans? Ruins at L'Anse aux Meadows

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Early European Settlement Rich fishing 1497 Italian, John Cabot Terra Nova (or Newfoundland) British Colony until 1948 Trade with native peoples –Exposure to European diseases French settled in parts of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, & Quebec = Acadia Scottish colonists establish "Nova Scotia"

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. French & British struggle for control 1713 Treaty of Ultrecht 1754 further war The Great Expulsion Acadians leave Many settle in Louisiana 1770s – rush of British settlers Many Loyalists from American Revolution

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Acadians century French settlers accepted British rule 1755 French and Indian War – expulsion begins The "Grand Derangement" (the Great Upheaval) ~14,000 Acadians sent to 13 colonies, prison camps in England, or fled 1763 Paris Peace Treaty allowed them to settle again

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. African immigration ~ 20,000 Black Nova Scotians –Escaped slaves from American colonies –African-American Loyalists –1920s settlers of African ancestry from Caribbean islands Recent years – Somali Bantu immigration to New England

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Core & Periphery Core areas = economically strong, leaders Peripheral areas = economically weak, dependant

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Most land covered with forests ~90% New England Specialty crops –Blueberries –Cranberries –Maple syrup –Dairy Agriculture – A Marginal Proposition

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 5.4 Agriculture Canada –Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia – apples –Prince Edward Island - diversified

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Resources from the Forest & Sea Forestry Fishing – codfish, lobster Technological innovation –Trawlers Mining –Oil & gas exploration off coast

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The challenge of making a living from the sea

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Manufacturing, Innovation, & Trade Industry not well developed Some specialty production –Ben & Jerry's –L.L. Bean

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Spillovers from Megalopolis Increasing # of migrants from Megalopolis Amenities – scenic beauty, recreation, lower cost of living, relaxed pace of life Tourism – skiing, fall foliage

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. summer tourism –Acadia National Park –Hiking, camping, fishing, boating 2 nd homes Spillover from Megalopolis Figure 5.9

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Outports Newfoundland Fishing villages Social issues: –Isolation –Overfishing –Difficult to provide social services –Financial incentives for resettlement Strong sense of place Pride in independence

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Metropolitan Areas

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Founded in 1749 Eastern end of rail lines Major port 1/3 of Nova Scotia's pop. Center for Canadian Royal Navy Halifax, Nova Scotia

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Saint John's, New Brunswick 40% of province's pop. Oriented towards fishing, trade Increasing oil & gas Canadian Navy

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. New England's Cities Portland, Maine –Most pop. Coastal –Forestry, fishing Manchester, New Hampshire –Textile manufacturing (traditionally) –Increasingly influenced by Boston Burlington, Vermont –IBM, medical services, education, trade w/ Montreal

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Kent, Maine Maine Winter Sports Center International Biathlon World Cup Averages 116 snow/year Northern Maine Biathlon Center

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Future Environmental Impacts How can the region create a sustainable economy that maintains the natural resources the region depends on? –Overfishing - Lobstering –Forestry –Increasing pop. pressure

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. End of Chapter 5