ELEMENTS OF NAZISM ELEMENTS OF NAZISM 1. Hitler wanted to unite all German-speaking people in a great German empire (3 rd Reich=1000 year empire). 2. Hitler wanted to make Germany larger in size in order to compete with Russia (Lebensraum=living space). 3. Hitler wanted to enforce racial “purification”. In his views Germans – especially blue-eyed, blond-haired “Aryans” formed the “master race” or the ideal German, destined to rule the world. In his views Germans – especially blue-eyed, blond-haired “Aryans” formed the “master race” or the ideal German, destined to rule the world. Jews, Slavs, and all nonwhites were deemed “inferior races” and should be eliminated. Jews, Slavs, and all nonwhites were deemed “inferior races” and should be eliminated.

Know these terms: 1. Appeasement. 2. Nonaggression pact. 3. Blitzkrieg. 4 Isolationism.

ANSWERS 1.Giving someone something they want in order to keep the peace. 2. An agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union to not go to war against each other. 3. “lightning war”: A sudden, massive attack with air and ground power. 4. Opposition to political and economic entanglements with other countries (avoidance/nonintervention) %

OBJECTIVES Explain Hitler’s motives and strategies for expansion and how Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the U.S. responded. Explain Hitler’s motives and strategies for expansion and how Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the U.S. responded. Compare and contrast the reactions of the allies to Nazi Germany with the actions taken today against totalitarian governments. Compare and contrast the reactions of the allies to Nazi Germany with the actions taken today against totalitarian governments.

HANDOUT: USE PAGES )Put the following invasions or actions in order by date: Ethiopia, Rhineland, Netherlands/Belgium/Luxembourg, Poland, Sudetenland, German military buildup, Austria, Britain, France, Germany exits League of Nations, Czechoslovakia, Denmark/Norway, Baltic States. 2)What explanation, excuse, or reasoning was given for the action? 3)What action against Hitler was taken by the allies after each invasion?

ANSWERS 1)Germany exits League of Nations. 2)Invasion of Ethiopia by Italy. 3)German military buildup. 4)Invasion of Rhineland. 5)Invasion of Austria. 6)Invasion of Sudetenland. 7)Invasion of Czechoslovakia. 8)Invasion of Poland. 9)Invasion of Baltic States by the Soviet Union. 10)Invasion of Denmark and Norway. 11)Invasion of Netherland, Belgium, and Luxembourg. 12)Invasion of France. 13)Battle of Britain.

EUROPE

In 1933 Hitler pulled Germany out of the League of Nations. Why? Because he intends to start a war! In 1933 Hitler pulled Germany out of the League of Nations. Why? Because he intends to start a war! In 1935 Mussolini invades and takes over Ethiopia. Why? Oil fields and following same game plan as the Old Roman Empire. In 1935 Mussolini invades and takes over Ethiopia. Why? Oil fields and following same game plan as the Old Roman Empire. Also in 1935 Hitler massively builds up his military. Also in 1935 Hitler massively builds up his military. In 1936 Hitler attacks and takes over the Rhineland, an area of land between France and Germany, with orders to retreat if the French retaliated. Hitler wanted to unite all German speaking people under 1 flag. The French didn’t want to involve themselves so Hitler concluded that if he attacked Eastern Europe the French would continue to no get involved. He was right. In 1936 Hitler attacks and takes over the Rhineland, an area of land between France and Germany, with orders to retreat if the French retaliated. Hitler wanted to unite all German speaking people under 1 flag. The French didn’t want to involve themselves so Hitler concluded that if he attacked Eastern Europe the French would continue to no get involved. He was right.

INVASION OF AUSTRIA Austria’s people favored unification with Germany because the people are German. On March 12th, 1938, German troops marched into German speaking Austria unopposed. The next day Germany announced that the union with Austria was complete. The United States, the League of Nation, and rest of the world did nothing to protest or stop Germany.

INVASION OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA About 3 million German-speaking people lived in the western border regions of Czechoslovakia (the Sudetenland). Hitler wanted it to unite all German speaking people into 1 country AND to provide more living space for Germany. About 3 million German-speaking people lived in the western border regions of Czechoslovakia (the Sudetenland). Hitler wanted it to unite all German speaking people into 1 country AND to provide more living space for Germany. Hitler’s Excuse: Czech’s were abusing the Germans there. Hitler’s Excuse: Czech’s were abusing the Germans there. Hitler promises Britain and France that the Sudetenland is his “last territorial demand.” Hitler promises Britain and France that the Sudetenland is his “last territorial demand.” In an attempt to avoid war, France, Britain, and Germany signed the Munich Pact on September 30, In an attempt to avoid war, France, Britain, and Germany signed the Munich Pact on September 30, The Munich Agreement/Pact: turned the Sudetenland over to Germany without a single shot being fired. The Munich Agreement/Pact: turned the Sudetenland over to Germany without a single shot being fired.

INVASION OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA In Britain, Winston Churchill viewed the signing of the Munich Pact as an adoption of appeasement. In Britain, Winston Churchill viewed the signing of the Munich Pact as an adoption of appeasement. Appeasement: Giving someone something they want in order to keep the peace. Appeasement: Giving someone something they want in order to keep the peace. Churchill warned that Hitler would not stop at the Sudetenland. Churchill warned that Hitler would not stop at the Sudetenland. On March 15, 1939, German troops invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia and quickly took it over. On March 15, 1939, German troops invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia and quickly took it over.

INVASION OF POLAND The majority of Poland’s population was German speaking. The majority of Poland’s population was German speaking. Hitler’s excuse: German Poles were being mistreated. Hitler’s excuse: German Poles were being mistreated. August 23, 1939 Stalin and Hitler sign the Nonaggression Pact. August 23, 1939 Stalin and Hitler sign the Nonaggression Pact. Germany and the Soviet Union commit to not attack each other. Germany and the Soviet Union commit to not attack each other. With the dangers of a two- front war eliminated German Invaded Poland. With the dangers of a two- front war eliminated German Invaded Poland. The Soviet Union and Germany split Poland in half. Germany takes the Western half and the Soviets take the Eastern half. The Soviet Union and Germany split Poland in half. Germany takes the Western half and the Soviets take the Eastern half.

BLITZKRIEG IN POLAND September 1, 1939 Germany launched it Blitzkrieg in Poland. Blitzkrieg (lightning war): Used advances in military technology, such as fast tanks and more powerful aircraft, to secure the air and ground with the Air Force. The ground troops come in afterwards to secure the cities. WAR DECLARED: September 3, Britain and France declared war on Germany. Major fighting in Poland was over in 3 weeks.

INVASION OF THE BALTIC STATES The Soviet Union also invaded Poland from the east, seizing what was left of Poland. The Soviet Union also invaded Poland from the east, seizing what was left of Poland. After occupying eastern Poland, Stalin began annexing the Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania (The area taken away from the Soviets in the Treaty of Versailles). After occupying eastern Poland, Stalin began annexing the Baltic States of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania (The area taken away from the Soviets in the Treaty of Versailles). In late 1939, Stalin sent the Soviet army into Finland. In late 1939, Stalin sent the Soviet army into Finland. After 3 months of fighting the Finns surrendered. After 3 months of fighting the Finns surrendered.

OTHER MAJOR INVASIONS April 9, 1940, Hitler launched a surprise invasion of Denmark and Norway. April 9, 1940, Hitler launched a surprise invasion of Denmark and Norway. Hitler planned to use these countries to build bases from which he could easily strike Great Britain. Hitler planned to use these countries to build bases from which he could easily strike Great Britain. Hitler next invaded the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg, all of which were overrun and in German control by the end of May, Hitler next invaded the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg, all of which were overrun and in German control by the end of May, 1940.

THE FALL OF FRANCE Only takes 6 weeks for Hitler to conquer France. Hitler attacks France by going through the Ardennes forest in Northern France and attacking Paris from the North. The Italians attack France and Paris from the south This German offensive in France trapped almost 400,000 British and French soldiers along the beaches of France. The nearly 330,000 British, French, and Belgian troops were evacuated to Britain by boat. June 22, 1940 France surrendered. Germany occupied northern France, setting up a Nazi-controlled government.

THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN Germany launched an air war on Britain in the summer of Germany launched an air war on Britain in the summer of Luftwaffe (German air force) began making bombing runs over Britain. Luftwaffe (German air force) began making bombing runs over Britain. Every night for two months roughly 2,000 German planes bombed London, and the rest of Britain. Every night for two months roughly 2,000 German planes bombed London, and the rest of Britain. Britain installed a new piece of technology (radar) on every British air plane. Radar saved the British from being defeated by Hitler. Britain installed a new piece of technology (radar) on every British air plane. Radar saved the British from being defeated by Hitler. One night the RAF (British Air force) shot down 185 German planes. One night the RAF (British Air force) shot down 185 German planes. Hitler eventually called off the invasion of Britain. Hitler eventually called off the invasion of Britain.

EXIT SLIP What position/policy/actions did the allies take against Hitler prior to the invasion of Poland? What position/policy/actions did the allies take against Hitler prior to the invasion of Poland? Does the current U.S. foreign policy have anything to do with the lessons learned from WWII? Explain. Does the current U.S. foreign policy have anything to do with the lessons learned from WWII? Explain.

BELL QUIZ: USE WHAT YOU LEARNED FROM LAST TIME AND/OR PAGES What excuse did Hitler continually give to the League of Nations for explaining German expansion? 2. How did the allies respond to Hitler’s actions? 3. Why did the U.S. try to stay neutral? 4. Does appeasement work? Explain yourself. 5. Does the current U.S. foreign policy have anything to do with the lessons learned from WWII? Explain.