Chapter 3

 Based on the picture on pg Do you know the origin of the name of the MRT station?  What do the photographs tell you about its name?  Can you think of other buildings or roads in Singapore that were named after old occupations or early immigrant communities? (Group Activity)

 m/2011/04/11/interesting-singapore- road-names/ m/2011/04/11/interesting-singapore- road-names/  de/singapore/local_guide/streetnames/ de/singapore/local_guide/streetnames/

the nature of the occupation the specific group of immigrants that was carrying out this occupation.

 The photograph seemed to show Indian men washing clothes in the stream.  Since the words “dhobi” and “ghat” are in Hindi, it will confirm that the identities of these men are Indian immigrants.  Dhoby Ghaut has its origin from the occupation of the Indian washermen as well as the steps that they used to descend into the river in order to wash clothes.

 Why did people come to colonial Singapore before World War Two?  Unpacking the inquiry question:  Who?  When? Time frame  Why?- explanation of reasons

 Looking at the photograph of the children working, what do you think their lives were like?  Would the lives of the children be the same as that of the group of Chinese men shown in the photograph below?  Which countries do you think these people featured in the photographs came from?  Is there any relationship between the lives the people led and the countries that they came from? Explain your answer.

 How would you describe the scene in this picture?  Can you guess what conditions might have been like during the journey to Singapore?  Why did these people take the journey despite these conditions?

 Page 100

Europeans from Germany, Portugal and Britain sailed to Southeast Asia Most of them who came to Singapore were British

 Southern Provinces  Fujian- Hokkiens  Guangdong- Cantonese, Teochews & Hakkas  Hainan Island- Hainanese

Saudi Arabia Arabs came to trade

 South Indian Tamils  Tamils and Sinhalese from Sri Lanka  Punjabis & Sikhs from Punjab  Bengalis from Bengal  Gujeratis from Gujerat  Parsees from Bombay  Some of them were Muslims

 Why do you think people leave their homeland?  Would you leave Singapore?Explain

 What is migration?  Physical movement of large groups of people over long distances.  Why?  1) Industrial Revolution  2)End of slave trade  3)Opening of the Suez canal

 Time of major improvements in technology and mass production  Creation of mass industries and more goods  Need for more raw materials such as rubber, tin and coal  Migration to search for these raw materials  Improvements in seafaring due to invention of steam technology

 Began in the 16 th century  Refer to textbook pg 107  Shortage of cheap/free labour  European countries allowed people to migrate to work in their colonies to deal with the shortage.

 Shortened the journey between Europe and other parts of the world  Travel also became cheaper

Poverty and Starvation Unrest and Instability Overpopulation natural disasters wars lawlessness rebellions PUSH FACTORS

Poverty and starvation due to Overpopulation and Natural Disasters JAVA CHINA INDIA Under Dutch rule Overpopulation Natural Disasters Cultivation System : (page111) Insufficient farmland Failure of monsoon rains Land used for export crops instead of rice Fujian and Guangdong Droughts Famines (page 113) shortage mountainous famines limited land for growing epidemics crops Great famine harsh living conditions starvation ( page 112) Migrated to Singapore Migrated to Singapore Migrated to Singapore

Unrest and Instability JAVA CHINA INDIA Wars Rebellions and Wars Wars and Rebellions Among local Against Qing British & Rulers against Dynasty (pg 115) Indian rulers Dutch Clan wars Sepoy Mutiny Java war eg.between Cantonese & Hakkas Civil wars Rebels captured by British cultivated land after collapse of Qing Dy. Sent as convict labour to colonies. damaged i) among Warlords food shortage ii) btw Guomingdang forces Communist Red army MIGRATION MIGRATION MIGRATION

Better Job opportunities Better trade & business opportunities Why immigrants came to Singapore in late 19 th & early 20 th Centuries.

 Geographical location  Situated along Straits of Malacca which connected the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. Mid-point of the trade route between Britain, India and South China Convenient meeting point for many merchants and traders Many different goods found and traded A free port More profits made compared to other ports in the region. Free immigration policy No restrictions on immigrants. Could come and go without having to pay for immigrant passes and papers. Thus, many poorer immigrants from China and India could come.  Better job prospects (pg ) . Singapore new & growing settlement. British need to build infrastructure.  Labour needed to do this.

 Point: Poverty & Starvation Many people left their homeland ______________  Elaboration: People from Java came because______ ______________________ Evidence: The situation in India was also very _____ _____________________ _________________ ______________________ Link As a result of these unfavourable conditions ______________________ _______________________

 Point: Unrest &instability in other countries_______  Elaboration: The constant fighting in these countries made it ________________ _______________________ Evidence: One example Were the wars in India.___ _______________________ ______________________ _______________________  Evidence:Similarly,there was unrest and instability in China._______________ _______________________ Link: Therefore, unrest and Instability ____________ _____________________ ______________________

CountryPush FactorsPull Factors Java China India

A) Explain why the Javanese migrated to Singapore. pg111 B) Explain why the Chinese migrated to Singapore. Pg 112 C) Explain why the Indians migrated to Singapore.pg 113

 Why do immigrants still choose to come to Singapore today. Do they come here for the same reasons? What makes Singapore attractive?