English Colonization

Journal How does Zinn's portrayal of Columbus' differ from what you were taught in elementary and high school? Do you feel it is more just to present him as a hero, or as Zinn does?

Colonization tp:// page=voyages

English Reasons for Colonization Privateers – pirates needed base to launch attacks on Spanish ships Northwest Passage – shortcut to the West Indies New markets for merchants England was too crowded – nation needed new place for expanding population

Roanoke Colony - financed and organized by Sir Walter Raleigh under a charter(permission) granted by Queen Elizabeth I – 115 settlers arrived John White, leader, left for England to get help and left behind approximately 115 colonists, including his granddaughter, the first English child born in the colonies. After a three year delay, White finally returned to Roanoke on August 18, White found the colony completely deserted.

No sign of any of the colonists was found except the word “Croatoan” carved into a post and “Cro” carved into a tree. Buildings had been taken down, indicating the colonists did not leave in a hurry, but left intentionally. Based on the words carved, White assumed the colonists moved to nearby Croatoan Island. Due to an impending storm, the men refused to search further and insisted they leave before the storm’s arrival. White and the rest of the expedition returned to England without knowing the fate of the colonists. The final fate of the Roanoke Colony remains a mystery. roanoke

Return to Roanoke Author: John White Date: Highlight clues that might be used to solve the mystery 2. Circle parts which they do not understand or find confusing.

Journal What happened to the settlers at Roanoke? Use three pieces of evidence from the John White diary to back up your claim.

Imaging the New World How did the English picture the native peoples of America during the early phases of colonization of North America? Where did these conceptions come from and how accurate were they? How much influence did they have on the subsequent development of relations between the two groups? In addition, how do you get people to move to a faraway, largely unknown, and potentially dangerous locale?

Group 1 Watercolor drawing "Indian Man and Woman Eating" by John White (created ). Licensed by the Trustees of the British Museum. ©Copyright the British Museum. Engraving "Their sitting at meate" by De Bry (printed 1590) based on watercolor by White. Courtesy of the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University.

Group 2 Watercolor drawing "Indian Woman and Young Girl" by John White (created ). Licensed by the Trustees of the British Museum. ©Copyright the British Museum. Engraving "A cheiff Ladye of Pomeiooc" by De Bry (printed 1590) based on watercolor by White. Courtesy of the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University.

Group 2 Watercolor drawing "(No Caption - Indians Dancing Around a Circle of Posts)" by John White (created ). Licensed by the Trustees of the British Museum. ©Copyright the British Museum. Engraving "Their danses vvich they vse att heir hyghe feastes" (unsigned, printed 1590) based on watercolor by White. Courtesy of the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University.

Group 3 Watercolor drawing "Indian Village of Pomeiooc" by John White (created ). Licensed by the Trustees of the British Museum. ©Copyright the British Museum. Engraving "The Tovvne of Pomeiooc" by De Bry (printed 1590) based on watercolor by White. Courtesy of the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University.

Group 4 Watercolor drawing "Indian Priest" by John White (created ). Licensed by the Trustees of the British Museum. ©Copyright the British Museum. Engraving "On of the Religeous men in the towne of Secota" by G. Veen (printed 1590) based on watercolor by White. Courtesy of the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University.

Group 5 Watercolor drawing "Indians Fishing" by John White (created ). Licensed by the Trustees of the British Museum. ©Copyright the British Museum. Engraving "Their manner of fishynge in Virginia" by De Bry (printed 1590) based on watercolor by White. Courtesy of the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University.

Group 6 Watercolor drawing "Indian Village of Secoton" by John White (created ). Licensed by the Trustees of the British Museum. ©Copyright the British Museum. Engraving "The Tovvne of Secota" by De Bry (printed 1590) based on watercolor by White. Courtesy of the John Carter Brown Library at Brown University.

Jamestown 1607 Group of investors received a charter - permission from King James I – to set up colony. 100 colonists set up settlement in Virginia

Statistics December, people left England May, 1607 – 101 colonists landed in Jamestown May, 1608 – Less than 60 colonists left August, 1609 – 400 new colonists land in Jamestown May, 1610 – Only 60 colonists remained

Roanoke and Jamestown Most settlers came for economic reasons!

Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay (New England Colonies) Most settlers came for religious reasons!

The 16 th century Reformation (reform church) caused a split in the Christian Church; Catholics and Protestants One group of reformers - the Puritans wanted to “purify” their religion of all traces of Catholicism Historical Background

Puritans did not agree about how far reform go Presbyterians and Congregationalists insisted that they were members of the Church of England Separatists broke away from Church of England: –Congregationalists - Puritans of Massachusetts Bay –Separatists - Pilgrims of Plymouth Persecuted in England – all English subjects were required to attend services and pay taxes to the Church of England

Pilgrims were Puritans 35 Puritans set sail on the Mayflower Landed on Cape Cod Before getting off ship – made a compact called the Mayflower Compact Idea of self-government in this document becomes one of U.S. founding principles

The First Thanksgiving 1621 By: J.L.G. Ferris Date: 1932

What about Thanksgiving???? Thanksgiving was made into a national holiday during the Civil War Abraham Lincoln felt that it would boost patriotism

Puritans Why America? - wanted to be free to worship as they wanted Believed in PREDESINATION God had already chosen who would be in heaven or hell, and each believer had no way of knowing which group they were in. Look around you for clues of god or devil!

Salem Witch Trials 1692 – Salem, Massachusetts Increasing family size fueled disputes over land between neighbors and within families Women subservient to their men = women more likely to enlist in the Devil's service than a man was Small town atmosphere = people's opinions about their neighbors were generally accepted as fact "Children should be seen and not heard"

Hysteria in Salem led to 20 people being executed for witchcraft. HOW and WHY did this happen?

New England Colonies

Religious groups – wanted religious freedom for themselves Puritans

COLONISTS MEET RESISTANCE New England Colonists (Puritans) soon conflicted with the Native Americans over land & religion King Philip’s War was fought in 1675 between the Natives and Puritans ending a year later with many dead and the Natives retreating

Middle Colonies

SETTLING THE MIDDLE COLONIES Dominated by Dutch and Quaker settlers, the Middle Colonies were founded in the mid-1600s William Penn led Quaker as they colonized Pennsylvania and Delaware

I believed in religious tolerance.

Southern Colonies

Southern Colonies In the South, rural Plantations with a single cash crops- were common Southern Plantation

Diversity of Colonies New England, Middle Colonies, and the South – all developed distinct economies. New England – cities, trade, smaller and more diverse farming Middle – diverse, farming, trading Southern – cash crops, large plantations, few cities

ENGLAND’S COLONIES PROSPER By 1752, England controlled all 13 colonies. How did they control these colonies that were an ocean away? Mercantilism & Navigation Acts

MERCANTILISM:

MERCANTILISM: More gold and silver (bullion), the wealthier and more powerful a country would be – sell more to other country than you purchase Colonies – produce raw materials needed to make things England – control how raw materials are bought Takes raw materials and manufactures them into products Other Countries – buys manufactured goods from England Raw materials Manufactured Goods Gold and Silver