Managing Materials in the Body The Respiratory System Table of Contents The Respiratory System The Excretory System

Resources Pearson online activity Excretory/Urinary System Respiratory System Asthma

What is the Role of the Respiratory System? Pg. 472 Your respiratory system moves air containing oxygen into your lungs and removes carbon dioxide and water from your body. Your lungs and the structures that lead to them make up your respiratory system. The oxygen is used by body cells during cellular respiration, in which the chemical energy in glucose is released.

Systems Working Together The Respiratory System Fig. 1 pg 473 Systems Working Together Describe how each system provides cells with materials needed for cellular respiration. Then tell how cellular respiration helps the body maintain homeostasis.

Breathing Structures pg. 474 Air, containing oxygen, enters the body through the nose and then passes into the pharynx, or throat. It then passes into the trachea, or windpipe, where tiny hairlike extensions known as cilia sweep mucus up to the pharynx. Air then moves into the bronchi, which are passages to the lungs, the main organs of the respiratory system. The lungs consist of alveoli, which are tiny sacs through which gases are exchanged with the blood.

Did You Know? Pg. 474 Some particles can irritate the lining of your nose or throat, causing you to sneeze. This powerful force shoots the particles back into the air. The wet spray from a sneeze can travel up to 160 kilometers per hour and spread more than one meter away from the sneezer!

The Respiratory System fig. 3 pg.475 Structures of the Respiratory System Particles in the air are filtered out as the air moves through the respiratory system. What does each part of the respiratory system do? Assess Your Under.

What Happens When You Breathe? Pg 476 Breathing is controlled by rib muscles, as well as a large dome-shaped muscle called the diaphragm. When you breathe, your rib muscles and diaphragm work together, causing air to move into or out of your lungs. This airflow leads to the exchange of gases that occurs in your lungs

The Respiratory System fig 4 pg. 476 The Breathing Process When you inhale, air is pulled into your lungs. When you exhale, air is forced out. What happens to your muscles when you breathe?

Speech & Vocal Cords pg 477 The air involved in breathing also makes speech possible. Two folds of connective tissue, known as vocal cords, stretch across the opening of the larynx, or voice box. The flow of air along with the contraction of muscles causes the vocal cords to vibrate, thereby producing sound.

Gas Exchange pg. 478-479 After air enters the alveolus, oxygen passes through the wall of the alveolus and then through the capillary wall into the blood. Similarly, carbon dioxide and water pass from the blood into the air in the alveolus. This whole process is called gas exchange. Gas exchange is aided by the tremendous surface area of the many alveoli in the lungs.

The Respiratory System Fig. 5 pg 478 Gas Exchange Gases move across the thin walls of both alveoli and capillaries. Determine the gas being exchanged and describe where it is coming from and moving to. Assess your Und. Pg 479

Breathing and Speaking The Respiratory System pg. 477 Breathing and Speaking What are the steps involved in speaking?

Ch. 12.4 Excretory System

The Excretory System Do the Math. Pg. 481 Urine is made up of water, organic solids, and inorganic solids. The organic solids include urea and acids. The inorganic solids include salts and minerals. The solids are dissolved in the water. What is the percentage of urine that is solids? What is the percentage of solids that is urea?

What is the Role of the Excretory System? Pg. 481 Excretion is the process of removing waste. The excretory system collects the wastes that cells produce and removes them from the body. The system consists of: the kidneys ureters urinary bladder urethra One waste the body must eliminate is urea, which is a chemical that comes from the breakdown of proteins.

Structures that Remove Urine pg. 482 Urea, water, and other wastes are eliminated in a fluid called urine. Urine is produced in the kidneys- which are the major organs of the excretory system Nephrons in the kidneys filter materials from the blood. They remove the wastes in urine and return any needed materials back to the blood. Urine then flows from the kidneys through two narrow tubes called ureters, which carry urine to a saclike organ known as the urinary bladder. Urine leaves the body through a small tube called the urethra.

The Excretory System pg. 482 Kidney Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra Removing Urine Urine is produced in the kidneys and then removed from the body.

The Excretory System Fig. 2 pg. 483 How the Kidneys Work Most of the work of the kidneys is done in the nephrons. Assess Your Under.

How Does Excretion helps to maintain homeostasis? Pg. 484 Excretion helps to maintain homeostasis by keeping the body’s internal environment stable and free of harmful levels of chemicals. The organs of excretion include: kidneys, lungs, skin, and liver The kidneys filter blood. They regulate the amount of water in the body. The lungs and skin also remove wastes. The lungs, for example, remove carbon dioxide and some water. The skin removes some water and urea through perspiration. The liver produces urea and breaks down some wastes into forms that can be excreted.

The Excretory System Fig. 3 pg. 484 What is each organ’s role in excretion? Pg. 485

The Excretory System pg. 486-487 Moving Things Along How do systems of the body move and manage materials? Identify the main function of the respiratory system, the excretory system, the circulatory system and the digestive system.