Natural Selection Review Test Date: April 9, 2015

1. Selective Breeding Humans select parents of plants and animals to produce offspring with traits considered desirable. Humans select parents of plants and animals to produce offspring with traits considered desirable. +

2. Genetic Engineering When humans modify an organism’s genetic composition by artificial means; the transfer of specific traits, or genes, from one organism into a plant or animal of an entirely different species. Bananafish=not real Geep = real

3. Natural Selection (“nature selects”) Organisms with traits that are best suited for life in a habitat will survive and reproduce. Over time, organisms that are not well suited will die out in that environment.

4. Which ones involve human intervention? Selective Breeding and Genetic engineering YES Natural selection NO

5. Misconception of natural selection Organisms do not adapt to their environment! The ones with the traits best suited to an environment will survive and reproduce. It’s nothing personal, Dude. Today we were just more fit than you.

6. Acquired vs. Inherited Traits Acquired: obtained after birth; not part of the organism’s DNA Inherited: trait was present at birth; part of the organism’s DNA Probably NOT natural Naturally curly hair

7. Adaptation A trait that increases an organism’s chances of survival in its environment

8. Migration vs. Hibernation Both help animals survive seasonal climate changes. Migration: Animals move to a warmer climate to find food. This is a behavioral adaptation.

8. Migration vs. Hibernation Hibernation: a period of greatly reduced body activity to conserve energy during times when food is scarce. This is also a behavioral adaptation.

9. Name an adaptation that would help a … Lion: forward-facing eyes, sharp teeth, sharp claws, concealing coloration Giraffe: long neck, disruptive coloration, hooves

(a function their body can perform) #10. Adap – Adapta – a – tion Type of Adaptation Example Physiological (a function their body can perform) Pupils of eyes dilating to let in more light Structural (something physical) An elephant’s trunk Humans’ opposable thumbs Behavioral (something they DO) Peacock fanning its tail to attract a mate

11. Types of Camouflage Type Definition Concealing coloration Coloring matches surroundings Disruptive coloration Spots, stripes, or patterns break up the outline of an animal Disguises Animal or parts of its body resemble objects in their environment Counter shading Upper parts of animal are darker than underside Mimicry Animal copies or mimics a color or form of something else

12. Darwin’s theory Called the Theory of Evolution States that organisms whose traits help them survive in their environment will survive and reproduce. Organisms whose traits are less well-adapted to their environment will die out...survival of the fittest. Studied in the Galapagos Islands off the coast of South America

13. Evolution The process of change in organisms over many generations

14. Extinct When a species no longer exists because all the members of its population have died

15. Variation Differences between members of the same species

16. Punnett square practice A tall plant (Tt) is crossed with a short plant (tt) t t 50% probability that offspring will be tall and 50% probability that offspring will be short. T Tt Tt t tt tt

17. Why do animals have adaptations? Adaptations are traits that help animals survive in their environment. I have sharp teeth! Luckily, we hide very well!

18. Aquatic Adaptations Ability to hold breath for a long time Contour shading Powerful tail

19. How can camouflage help species survive? They can hide from predators… …or they can hide from prey!

C. Large eyes, long tail for grasping, flat teeth for grinding 20. An organism that is nocturnal, lives in the canopy of a rainforest, and feeds on vegetation would need… C. Large eyes, long tail for grasping, flat teeth for grinding

21. Biodiversity vs. Monoculture Biodiversity is the number of different species living in an area. Greater biodiversity is better. The ecosystem is more sustainable. Monoculture is an area where only one organism is living. The area is more vulnerable to being destroyed by a single pest.

22. Primary vs. Secondary Succession Primary succession takes longer than secondary, because in primary, there is no existing soil. Secondary (deforestation and Resulting mudslide) Primary

23 & 24. Write your own paragraphs. Share what you wrote. (Enjoy some random animal pictures.)

25. Pond Succession

26. Environments &Organisms Organisms have different needs (ex: climate, food sources, types of shelter, water supply Different environments provide different amounts of these needed supplies, so different organisms thrive in different places. That’s why we can’t put a camel in the tundra!

27. Succession & Ecosystems Succession INCREASES biodiversity in an ecosystem. Soil is sometimes richer. New species of plants are able to grow.

28. Biodiversity & Sustainability The more biodiversity an ecosystem has, the more sustainable (able to survive) it is. If one species dies out, other species can survive and maintain the ecosystem.

That’s IT! You can do this! I believe in YOU!!