1. 1.Amish people are required by their religion to only marry and have children with other Amish people.

2. 1.Amish people are required by their religion to only marry and have children with other Amish people. NON RANDOM MATING (mates are chosen based on SPECIFIC characteristics)

3. 2. The DNA sequence in a bird is changed from ATT CCG TTG to TTA CCG TTG which changes the beak shape from long and thin to short and fat.

4. 2. The DNA sequence in a bird is changed from ATT CCG TTG to TTA CCG TTG which changes the beak shape from long and thin to short and fat. MUTATIONS (changes in DNA)

5. 3.Peppered moths are eaten by birds. The moth color varies from light to dark. Light colored moths can blend in with a nearby species of tree. In the 1800s factories released large amounts of soot, which changed the tree color, so the birds were able to more easily find the lighter moths instead of the darker moths.

6. NATURAL SELECTION: THE CHANGE IN THE ENVIRONMENT FAVORS THE DARKER COLORED MOTH

7. 4. Northern elephant seals were hunted almost to extinction by people in the 1890s. The remaining population has reduced genetic variation.

8. SMALL POPULATION: Specifically this is an example of THE BOTTLE NECK EFFECT BECAUSE A LARGE PART OF THE POPULATION HAS DIED

9. 5. A lioness joins a new pride and has cubs with the male lion.

10. This is an example of GENE FLOW: Specifically IMMIGRATION *the lioness enters a new population and breeds

11. 6. A small group of birds flies from the mainland to an island and starts a new colony. (The birds never return to the mainland.)

12. This is an example of Gene Flow: Specifically THE FOUNDER EFFECT since the birds are “starting a new cololny”

13. 1. _________ is defined as change over time. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

14. 1. evolution is defined as change over time. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

15. 2. _________contributed more to our understanding of evolution than anyone else. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

16. 2. Darwin contributed more to our understanding of evolution than anyone else. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

17. 3. __________is selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

18. 3. artificial selection is selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

19. 4. _______ is the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

20. 4. fitness is the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

21. 5. An __________ is any inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

22. 5. An adaptation is any inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

23. 6. Individuals with characteristics that are not well suited to their environment die. Individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. Darwin called this process ______________. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

24. 6. Individuals with characteristics that are not well suited to their environment die. Individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. Darwin called this process natural selection. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

25. 7. ____________is a principle that each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

26. 7. descent with modification is a principle that each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

27. 8. According to the principle of _____ ______, all species – living and extinct – were derived from common ancestors. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

28. 8. According to the principle of common descent, all species – living and extinct – were derived from common ancestors. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

29. 9. The following phrases are from a game of telephone. Which biology concept(s) does this illustrate? ____________ 1.Dark forest 2.Dark force 3.Damp forest 4.Dan put forest

30. 9. The following phrases are from a game of telephone. Which biology concept(s) does this illustrate? evolution 1.Dark forest 2.Dark force 3.Damp forest 4.Dan put forest

31. 10. A population of giraffes inhabits an area filled with tall trees and vegetation that is located high off of the ground. Within the population of giraffes are individuals with short, medium, and long necks. Which of the individuals will leave behind the most offspring? ___________

32. 10. A population of giraffes inhabits an area filled with tall trees and vegetation that is located high off of the ground. Within the population of giraffes are individuals with short, medium, and long necks. Which of the individuals will leave behind the most offspring? Long necks

33. 11. Copy the following sentence with the correct answer choice. Natural selection happens (quickly/slowly) and occurs in (individuals/populations).

35. 12. A brand of fire ant poison claims to kill all ants in two applications. The first application of the poison killed 74% of the fire ants. Three months later, the poison was reapplied but only killed 39% of the remaining fire ant population. Explain the decrease in the effectiveness of the ant poison.

36. 12. A brand of fire ant poison claims to kill all ants in two applications. The first application of the poison killed 74% of the fire ants. Three months later, the poison was reapplied but only killed 39% of the remaining fire ant population. Explain the decrease in the effectiveness of the ant poison. The ants that survived the first poison passed on that trait to their offspring (natural selection).

37. 13. Imagine that a small island holds a population of lizards that are all the same (have the same traits). Now imagine a strong storm sweeps some of the island lizards over to the mainland. On the mainland, there are new ecosystems for the island lizards to explore. In these new ecosystems, they meet new populations of lizards (with new traits) that they can now breed with. What might happen with regards to the variation that could be created within the population of island lizards? (more, less, no change)

39. 14-17. Copy the statement and indicate if it is true or false 14. Natural selection will occur more quickly when resources are limited _______ 15.Natural selection will occur more quickly when populations reproduce slowly _______ 16.Natural selection will occur more quickly when competition is minimal ________ 17.Natural selection will occur more quickly when populations have many genetic variations _____

40. 14-17. Copy the statement and indicate if it is true or false 14. Natural selection will occur more quickly when resources are limited True 15.Natural selection will occur more quickly when populations reproduce slowly False 16.Natural selection will occur more quickly when competition is minimal False 17.Natural selection will occur more quickly when populations have many genetic variations False

41. 18. Write a one sentence summary for the following passage. You are most likely aware that not every plant is adapted to survive in every ecosystem. Plants are specialists and thrive in environments that they are best adapted to, but could die in the wrong environment. A cactus would die in a wetland. A palm tree would freeze during a winter. ________________________________________ ________________________________________.

42. 18. Write a one sentence summary for the following passage. You are most likely aware that not every plant is adapted to survive in every ecosystem. Plants are specialists and thrive in environments that they are best adapted to, but could die in the wrong environment. A cactus would die in a wetland. A palm tree would freeze during a winter. Plant populations adapt to survive in different environments.

43. 19. Indicate (Y/N) if the situation would cause natural selection to occur. Limited amount of food supply ______ Decreased competition for mates ______ Reduced material and space for shelter ____ Increased fighting for resources _____

44. 19. Indicate (Y/N) if the situation would cause natural selection to occur. Limited amount of food supply Yes Decreased competition for mates No Reduced material and space for shelter Yes Increased fighting for resources Yes

45. 20. How is the organism in the picture adapted to its environment?

46. 20. How is the organism in the picture adapted to its environment? Spines protect from predators, no leaves (keeps in water), etc.

47. 21. How is the organism in the picture adapted to its environment?

48. 21. How is the organism in the picture adapted to its environment? Smell discourages predators, coloring discourages predators

49. 22. Explain how humans caused wolves to evolve into dogs.

50. 22. Explain how humans caused wolves to evolve into dogs. People only bred wolves with traits they wanted (cuteness, tameness, etc). Over many generations wolves evolved into dogs.

51. 23. Explain the following graph as it relates to natural selection and evolution.

52. 23. Explain the following graph as it relates to natural selection and evolution. Choosing only large or small fish to remove from the tank changes the gene pool, which changes the average size of the fish over time.

53. 24. Define inherited variation

54. 24. Define inherited variation children have different characteristics than their parents and each other.

55. Bonus: draw the common ancestor for the birds