Envisioning the Future: Lifelong Learning through Technological Evolution in Korea Youngmin Lee, Ph.D. National Center for Lifelong Education, Korean Educational Development Institute, Korea Youngmin Lee, Ph.D. National Center for Lifelong Education, Korean Educational Development Institute, Korea

Table of Contents National Issues and Demands National Issues and Demands Lifelong Learning Policy and Practices Lifelong Learning Policy and Practices Intro to National Center for Lifelong Education Intro to National Center for Lifelong Education Informatization Plan in LLL (’01-’12) Informatization Plan in LLL (’01-’12) Final Remarks Final Remarks National Issues and Demands National Issues and Demands Lifelong Learning Policy and Practices Lifelong Learning Policy and Practices Intro to National Center for Lifelong Education Intro to National Center for Lifelong Education Informatization Plan in LLL (’01-’12) Informatization Plan in LLL (’01-’12) Final Remarks Final Remarks

Words of Wisdom 1 “How you gather, manage, and use of information will determine whether you win or lose” Bill Gates, Microsoft CEO “How you gather, manage, and use of information will determine whether you win or lose” Bill Gates, Microsoft CEO “ ”

Words of Wisdom 2 “ ” “The Power of the Network to Change the Way We Work, Live, Play, and (Lifelong) Learn” John Chamber, Cisco Systems CEO “The Power of the Network to Change the Way We Work, Live, Play, and (Lifelong) Learn” John Chamber, Cisco Systems CEO

What I would like to see… My Philosophy of Life Fear replaced with intrigue Fear replaced with intrigue Fog replaced with clarity Fog replaced with clarity Blindness replaced with skepticism Blindness replaced with skepticism Rules replaced with tacit knowledge Rules replaced with tacit knowledge Comfort replaced with risk & fear Comfort replaced with risk & fear Timidity replaced with resolute action Timidity replaced with resolute action Passivity replaced with engagement Passivity replaced with engagement Youngmin Lee [My dictionary]

Introduction to Lifelong Learning

“For some who practices strongly, even walking, eating, drinking tea, meeting friends, peeling a ripe persimmon, using the toilet, walking through the busy market, feeling the sudden autumn wind on one's face, watching a passing car on the busy city street- all of these moments are our practice, or manhaeng (=learning)” Hyungak, Buddhist priest and author of the book, ‘Manhaeng: The itinerary from Harvard University to Hwakye temple’ “ ” Concepts of Learning

“ Lifelong learning is all kinds of systematic learning activities EXCEPT FOR formal school educational system” (Korean Lifelong Learning Law # 2) A narrow meaning Concepts of Lifelong Learning “ Lifelong learning is all learning activity undertaken throughout life, with the aim of improving knowledge, skills and competence, within a personal, civic, social and/or employment-related perspective ” (EU commission) “ Lifelong learning is education resulting from integration of formal, non-formal, and informal education so as to create ability for continuous lifelong development of quality of life” (OECD) A broad meaning

Horizontal Integration Vertical Integration From formal learning to non-formal learning to informal learning From youth to adolescent to young adult to old adult to the elderly A Broad Range of Lifelong Learning

National Issues and Demands in Korea

Issue 1: Low birth rate and aging population 4.12% 3.43% 3.33% 2.64% 1.45% 06~10 11~20 31~40 21~30 31~40 Korea 1993 Korea 2006 OECD avg % 14.3% 20.8% By year Potential Economical Growth Potential Economical Growth Year Potential economical growth with the increase of old aging people The decrease of average birth rate The percentage of old aging people in the population

Issue 2: Social and educational polarization Korean Won Korean Won By year Post-secondary ed. level secondary ed. level primary ed. level Average income rate of employees in urban area by their academic degree 52.3 Man won (=$ 600) 7.8 Man won (= $85) 1st social stratum 1st social stratum 10 th social stratum 10 th social stratum Average monthly expenses for education by income stratum

Issue 3: The lower economical growth By year Economical Growth (%) Economical Growth (%) National economical growth by the years Avg. rate in 2006 Young adults (19~29 yr. olds) 4.0% 8.7% Unemployment rate in 2006

Issue 4: Lack of social interests on LLL 16.4% USA UK 2.9% Korea New Zealand Korea 23.4% OECD avg. 52%(’02) UK 38% Denmark 80% Australia 89% University registration of over 35-year old adulthood 23.9% 22.0% Participation rate of lifelong learning with the ages of 25-64

Lifelong Learning Policy and Practices of Korea - “Never too soon or too late for learning”-

Vision & Mission Learning Korea National Competitiveness & Social Integration Amendment of National LL law Foundation of a new LLL organization Designation of new LLL cities Amendment of National LL law Foundation of a new LLL organization Designation of new LLL cities Empowerment of LLL infrastructure Opportunities for the marginalized New starts for illiterate programs Expansion of LLL institutions Opportunities for the marginalized New starts for illiterate programs Expansion of LLL institutions Approach to social integration Work to School, School to Work Empowering women & the elderly Support for vocational colleges Work to School, School to Work Empowering women & the elderly Support for vocational colleges Continuous vocational ed. Flexible academic degree system Ubiquitous LLL environment Credit bank system for mil. servicemen Flexible academic degree system Ubiquitous LLL environment Credit bank system for mil. servicemen Expansion of LLL opportunities Nationwide & Local LLL festival Nationwide LLL award ceremony International Partnerships for LLL Nationwide & Local LLL festival Nationwide LLL award ceremony International Partnerships for LLL Promotion of LLL culture

Mission 1: Empowerment of LLL infrastructure Amendment of National LLL law Foundation of new LLL organization Designation of New LLL cities

Mission 2: Approach to social integration Opportunities for the marginalized Expansion of LL institutions New starts for illiterate programs

Mission 3: Continuous vocational ed. system Work to School, School to Work Support for vocational colleges Empowering women & the elderly

Mission 4: Expansion of LLL opportunities Flexible academic degree system Credit bank system for mil. men Ubiquitous LLL environment

Mission 5: Promotion of LLL culture Nationwide & Local LLL festival International Partnerships for LLL Nationwide LLL award ceremony

Introduction to National Center for Lifelong Education (NCLE)

Governance of NCLE Ministry of MOE & HRD NCLENCLE 16 central LLL centers 380 LLL centers 57 LLL cities International & national institutions Other ministries of Korea Cooperation and Coalition Partnerships & Collaboration 16 metropolitan educational agencies 233 municipal governments Partnerships & Collaboration

Mission Statements of NCLE “The National Center for Lifelong Education is endeavoring to transform the current education system into an open lifelong education system through innovation of the school education and adult education system, thereby creating a society based on lifelong learning. In order to achieve a society of lifelong education, the Center will strive to improve the quality of life for each individual and enhance his or her capability for employment.” “ ”

National Center for Lifelong Education National Center for Lifelong Education Associated Institutions Associated Institutions Municipal Lifelong Learning Centers Municipal Lifelong Learning Centers Lifelong Learning Information & Supporting Team Lifelong Learning Information & Supporting Team Lifelong Learning Planning Team Lifelong Learning Planning Team Lifelong Learning & Training Team Lifelong Learning & Training Team Promoting nationwide informatization and LL information exchange through the use of Internet Promoting nationwide informatization and LL information exchange through the use of Internet Providing funds for the illiterate and award the academic degree (elementary level) Supporting and financing municipal government by designating “lifelong learning city” Fostering nationwide LL culture with enlisting LL learners and awarding LL institutions & opening festival Others Informatization Project The illiterate Project Learning city project Org. Structure and Tasks of NCLE

Informatization Plan in LLL (’01-’12)

1. Make all media available to anyone who would like to enjoy LLL 2. No “Super Technology”, balance with the needs of LLL learners 3. As much control of the pace of learning as possible 4. Draw the attention to LLL learners’ needs and concerns 5. LLL contents should be active, useful, and interesting 6. Well-designed LLL system facilitates LLL learners’ interaction 7. LLL system should provide clear guidance for LLL learners 8. Meet the higher expectancy and motivation of LLL learners 9. LLL contents & information should be updated frequently 10. What we see and hear is critical, but what we feel is essential ! 1. Make all media available to anyone who would like to enjoy LLL 2. No “Super Technology”, balance with the needs of LLL learners 3. As much control of the pace of learning as possible 4. Draw the attention to LLL learners’ needs and concerns 5. LLL contents should be active, useful, and interesting 6. Well-designed LLL system facilitates LLL learners’ interaction 7. LLL system should provide clear guidance for LLL learners 8. Meet the higher expectancy and motivation of LLL learners 9. LLL contents & information should be updated frequently 10. What we see and hear is critical, but what we feel is essential ! Principles of Informatization in LLL

Vision & Mission of Informatization Plan We Build Human, Knowledge, & Learning Community Through Informatization Plan of LLL We Build Human, Knowledge, & Learning Community Through Informatization Plan of LLL meta information system Inter & Intra-connected system Artificial Intelligence-based Information system

1st Plan: Informatization in LLL (’01-’04) System Architecture Fire-wall Router L4 Switch Web server #1Web server #2 B/B Switch VOD #1VOD #2 DBLMSBackup server Storage SAN Switch Backup system Gigabit Ethernet LCMS communityConsulting Gigabit Ethernet Internet Local centers Learners Local Resident Municipal Government Internet Lines 1000M Ethernet Fiber Channel

2001 Informatization Process by year ’01- ’ LLL system - LLL teacher DB - LLL course DB - LLL system - LLL teacher DB - LLL course DB - Local center systems - LLL contents - Search Robot system - Local center systems - LLL contents - Search Robot system Final Direction of 1st informatization → Toward meta information system - LLL contents - e-learning system - CMS-typed system - LLL contents - e-learning system - CMS-typed system - DB mining system - LLL contents - System update - DB mining system - LLL contents - System update Training for local center administrator, webmaster, & LLL coordinators Training for local center administrator, webmaster, & LLL coordinators Webpage, Web Solution, Search Robot, e-learning contents, LMS, LCMS

2nd Plan: Informatization in LLL (’05-’08) Local Institutes LLL DB LLL Learners LLL system services LLL info Learning LLL Comm. Stats Info System admin. 1:1 servicecommunity System support Local residents … … StrongConnectionWithOtherSystems&Networks HRD-net & Job net [Ministry of Labor] IT Study net [Ministry of Information & Communication] Women-net [Ministry of Woman welfare] Others

2005 Informatization Process by year ’05- ’ LLL ISP plan - LLL course DB - LLL system upgrade - LLL ISP plan - LLL course DB - LLL system upgrade - API Search system - LLL contents - LLL DB sharing - API Search system - LLL contents - LLL DB sharing Final Direction of 2nd informatization → Toward inter & Intra-connected information system information system with system standardization with system standardization (OOP & XML) (OOP & XML) - Multi-LMS system - LMS upgrade - CMS upgrade - Multi-LMS system - LMS upgrade - CMS upgrade - Digital Archiving - LCMS upgrade - Mobile service - Digital Archiving - LCMS upgrade - Mobile service Training for local center administrator, webmaster, LLL coordinators, teachers, public officers, and governors Training for local center administrator, webmaster, LLL coordinators, teachers, public officers, and governors Blog, Community of Practice, Blended learning, Mobile learning service

3rd Plan: Informatization in LLL (’09-’12) e-learning m-learning u-learning TimenessAccessibility Mobility Spatiality Convergence Pervasiveness Settlement (~’04) Diffusion (~’08) Outset (~’12)

Ubiquitous Learning in LLL settings Flexibility Mobility Urgency Authenticity Convergence Pervasiveness Human Technology Learning Environment Formal Learning (Traditional School Block) Non-formal Learning (Beyond School Boundary) Non-formal Learning (Beyond School Boundary) Informal Learning (Daily Life and Practice) Informal Learning (Daily Life and Practice)

Ubiquitous Learning & LLL Definition of U-learning A newly emerging learning environment surrounded by ubiquitous technology, which enhance human daily life learning activities in school settings, workplaces, regional communities, and global society Defined by Youngmin Lee (2005) Definition of Lifelong Learning Lifelong learning is all learning activity undertaken throughout life, with the aim of improving knowledge, skills and competence, within a personal, civic, social and/or employment-related perspective EU commission → Ubiquitous learning is a type of lifelong learning, which is enhanced by ubiquitous learning technology and systems learning technology and systems

2009 Informatization Process by year ’09- ’ Career Mgt. system - Learn. Account sys. - Coaching system - Career Mgt. system - Learn. Account sys. - Coaching system - e-portfolio system - e-repository system - Authoring tools - e-portfolio system - e-repository system - Authoring tools Final Direction of 3rd informatization → Toward artificial intelligence-based information system information system with Ubiquitous technology with Ubiquitous technology - Ubiquitous support - Monitoring system - Web-guidance - Ubiquitous support - Monitoring system - Web-guidance - CRM building - agent-based system - System update - CRM building - agent-based system - System update Training for local center administrator, webmaster, & LLL coordinators Training for local center administrator, webmaster, & LLL coordinators Ed. simulation and games, mobile & ubiquitous learning, virtual reality

Final Remarks “When Alexander the Great called on Diogenes, he found the famous Greek philosopher impoverished and sitting in the sunlight. “Is there anything I can do for you?” Alexander asked. “Yes,” replied Diogenes, “you can stand out of my sun.” What is most important might not be far from us, but close to us. “ → Let’s Make the World Better by Lifelong Learning !

For More Information Contact: Youngmin Lee, Ph. D. National Center for Lifelong Education. Korean Educational Development Institute &