자연과 함께하는 인간… 그리고 에너지… - Lithium-ion Battery 자연과학부 화학과 김주성.

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Presentation transcript:

자연과 함께하는 인간… 그리고 에너지… - Lithium-ion Battery 자연과학부 화학과 200520460 김주성

Intro… SOX NOX CO2

개 요 Lithium-ion Battery의 구조 Lithium-ion Battery란 무엇일까? 개 요 Lithium-ion Battery의 구조 Lithium-ion Battery란 무엇일까? Lithium-ion Battery의 시장성 Lithium-ion Battery의 활용 범위 Lithium-ion Battery의 작동 원리 Lithium-ion Battery의 장점과 단점

Lithium-ion Battery의 구조 한국과학기술연구원(KIST)에서 Test용으로 사용하는 CR2032 Button Cell의 구조. 1 2 3 4 5 9 8 7 6 1,8번은 stainless steel로 만들어진 것으로 하나의 계를 만들어주는 역할을 함. 5번은 비전도성 플라스틱으로 만들어진 것으로 1,8번을 서로 떨어뜨려 주는 역할을 함. 2번은 Cell안이 꽉 차도록 조여주는 역할을 함. 3번은 조여주는 힘이 한쪽에 편중되지 않고 잘 분산할 수 있도록 도와주는 역할을 함. 6번은 polyethylene film으로 separator로 사용됨. 4번은 리튬 금속에 구리mesh를 덧댄 구조로 음극이다. 7번은 양극으로 층상 구조로 되있는 Metal Oxide로 여러가지 물질이 있다. 9번은 전해액으로서 수분에 강하고 반응성이 거의 없는 안정한 물질이 주로 쓰인다. 주로 PC : DMC = 1 : 1용액에 LiPF6를 1mol 녹여서 만든다.

Li-ion Polymer Battery Lithium-ion Battery란 무엇일까? Lithium – ion battery은 약식으로 Li-ion battery라고 한다. Li Battery 음극이 Lithium Metal 이거나 Lithium 화합물로 만들어진 Battery. Li-ion Battery 양극과 음극 모두가 Lithium을 가지고 있고, Li-ion이 양극과 음극 사이를 이동하면서 충전과 방전이 가능한 Battery. Li-ion Polymer Battery Li-ion Battery보다 기술적으로 진보된 2차 전지로 Li-ion이 있는 전해액이 전해질로 쓰이는 것이 아니라 Polyethylene Oxide 혹은 Polyacrylonitrile과 같은 고체 Polymer 합성물이 전해질로 쓰이는 Battery.

Lithium-ion Battery의 시장성 2004년15억 7,800만 셀 2005년 16억 8,000만 셀 2010년 24억 2,000만 셀 2013년에는 28억 1,000만 셀

Lithium-ion Battery의 활용범위

Lithium-ion Battery의 활용범위 휴대폰 노트북 피씨 디지털 카메라 캠코더 전동 공구 하이브리드 전기자동차(HEV), 전기자동차(EV)

Lithium-ion Battery의 작동 원리 나는야 전자~ 나는야 전자~ 난 리튬이온~ 난 리튬이온~ - 양극 (cathode) - 외부로부터 전자를 받아 양극물질이 환원되는 전극. - 음극 (anode) - 음극물질이 산화되면서 도선으로 전자를 방출하는 전극. - 전해질 (electrolyte) – Lithium 이온의 이동을 위한 매개체. - 분리막 (separator) – 음극과 양극의 물리적 접촉 방지를 위한 막.

Lithium-ion Battery의 장점과 단점 장 점 전압이 높음 (3V 이상). 에너지 밀도가 높음. 자가 방전이 적음. 수명이 김. 메모리 효과가 없음. 전지의 신뢰성이 높음. 저온에 강함. 단 점 화재 , 폭발 위험성이 큼. 배터리의 용량이 온도에 따라 변함. 높은 내부저항. 보호회로가 필요 함. 가격이 상대적으로 비쌈. 25도씨에서 100%라고 할때, 노트북 온도와 비슷한 40도씨에서 1년간 충방전을 반복 할 시 약 20%의 용량 감소가 있다. Nicd 인경우에는 100밀리오옴, 하지만 리튬이온 배터리는 320밀리오옴

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