Kathleen Hannan Biol402

 What are diarrheal diseases?  Causes & transmission  Worldwide impact  Rotavirus Biology and how it makes you sick  Solutions ORT Vaccines

What are diarrheal diseases?

 Acute watery diarrhea  Persistent diarrhea  Bloody diarrhea

 Viruses  Bacteria  Protozoa  Helminths (intestinal parasite)

 Fecal-oral transmission  Among bacteria  survival in stomach

 Rotavirus  Salmonella  Shigellae  Campylobacter jejuni  Vibrio Cholerae  Escherichia coli  Giardia  Entamoeba

 Kills ~1.7 million children annually  Malnutrition  4,500 deaths every single day

A closer look at rotavirus…

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We don’t really know, but there are some general ideas!

 Enterocyte Killing  Maldigestion of carbohydrates  Enterotoxin NSP4

What needs to be done to address this problem?

 Vaccination  Oral rehydration therapy (ORT)  Nutrition, sanitation, water, and hygiene  Research biomarkers / host mechanisms

 Diarrheal Disease is a serious problem facing the developing world!  Disparities in care account for the deaths of thousands each year  Something we get frequently and don’t die of is causing too many deaths

 Arias, Carlos F. et al "Molecular Biology of Rotavirus Cell Entry." Archives of Medical Research 33.4 (2002): ScienceDirect. Web. 15 Mar  Lorrot, Mathie, and Monique Vasseur "How Do the Rotavirus NSP4 and Bacterial Enterotoxins Lead Differently to Diarrhea?" Virology Journal 4.31 (2007): 1. Web. 15 Mar  Keusch, Gerald T. et al"Diarrheal Diseases." Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. Ed. Dean T. Jamison. Washington, D.C.: IBRD/The World Bank and Oxford UP, Online:.  Parashar, Umesh D. et al "Rotavirus." Emerging Infectious Diseases 4.4 (1998): Web. 15 Mar