Weather vs. Climate “Weather tells you what to wear each day, but the climate helps you figure out what should be in your closet”

Weather vs. Climate Weather: Determines what clothes we wear Changes over minutes, hours, days Thunderstorm, blizzard, hurricane, drought, heat wave, cold snap Climate: Determines what crops we plant; when we plant, when we harvest Changes over seasons-decades- centuries Persistent (decades long) heat-wave or drought

Weather: the condition of Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place Weather

Predicting Weather forecasting.htm forecasting.htm Click and Color Weather Station Symbols

Meteorologist: Scientists who study the causes of weather and try to predict it.

The Jet Stream Jet streams are relatively narrow bands of strong wind in the upper levels of the atmosphere. The winds blows from west to east in jet streams but the flow often shifts to the north and south. Jet streams follow the boundaries between hot and cold air. Since these hot and cold air boundaries are most pronounced in winter, jet streams are the strongest for both the northern and southern hemisphere winters.

World Climate Map im.pdf im.pdf Map 1.Draw Polar and Subtropical Jet Stream 2.Color Map according to Legend Tropical – yellow Dry – brown Warm – red Cool – blue Polar – green Highland -orange

Barometer: an instrument that is used to measure changes in air pressure Air pressure: the result of the weight of a column of air pushing down on and area. Pressure: the force pushing on an area or a surface

Dew point: the temperature at which condensation occurs. This is when clouds form. Humidity: a measure of the amount of water vapor in the air. Water Cycle

Clouds Cirrus: wispy, feathery, formed at high levels and made of ice crystals Cumulus: fluffy, and usually indicate fair weather. Stratus: form in flat layers and usually cover most of the sky. Can produce rain. Clouds

Flash flood: a sudden violent flood that occurs within a few hours or minutes of a storm. Storm surge: a dome of water that sweeps across the coast where a hurricane lands. Hurricanes

Global winds: winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances. Wind

Wind Chill Factor: increased cooling that wind can cause.

Air mass: a huge body of air that has similar temperature, humidity and air pressure throughout. equatorial, tropical, polar or arctic. continental or maritime Aim masses can be warm or cold and humid or dry. As an air mass moves into an area, it changes the weather there. View satellite movies of air masses moving across North America.

Front: the area where the air masses meet and do not mix Compare and contrast warm and cold fronts. Types of fronts: Cold: starts with rain, ends in cold dry air Warm: first storms, rain then warm and humid Stationary: can have days of rain Occluded: ground temperature is cold and it can make clouds and rain because of the warm front

Coriolis effect: The way Earth’s rotation makes the winds curve. Observe how the Coriolis effect influences wind direction.

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