91. Cell Reproduction Notebook Check 92. Karyotype Lab (graded) 93. Intro to Genetics Reading Guide (stamped) 94. Genetics Notes 95. Punnett Squares 96. Complex Genetics 97. Practice Worksheet 98. Oompa Loompa Genetics 99. Genetic Diseases 100. Pedigrees 101. Biotechnology 102. Genetics Review 103. Genetics Notebook Check

a medical procedure used to diagnose chromosomal disorders in a developing fetus. A small amount of amniotic fluid, which contains fetal tissues, is extracted from the amniotic sac surrounding a developing fetus, and the DNA is examined.

Gregor Mendel = father of heredity – Mid 1800s purebred – Studied garden pea plants (because they could produce purebred individuals) – Studied how traits were passed from one generation to the next

– Mendel came up with several important concepts 1.Parents pass on genes 2.For each trait, an organism has 2 genes (1 allele from Mom and 1 from Dad) 3.Alleles can be dominant and recessive Tall plants could equal TT or Tt, short = tt Genotype Genotype = genetic make-up for trait (TT) Phenotype Phenotype = physical look of trait (tall)

identical If organisms contain two identical alleles for a trait, it shows that trait. Curly hair = HH Straight hair = hh different If organisms contain two different alleles for a trait, it shows the dominant trait. Curly hair = Hh

The genes for traits found on different chromosomes separate independently when gametes are made.

Used to predict the possible combinations of dominant and recessive alleles in the offspring. Genotypic ratio Genotypic ratio = 1 RR : 2 Rr : 1 rr Phenotypic ratio Phenotypic ratio = 3 pink : 1 yellow

Dad = XY, some sperm have X, some have Y Mom = XX, all eggs have X because that’s all Mom has to donate Who determines gender of baby – Mom or Dad?

homozygous recessive A deliberate genetic cross with a homozygous recessive individual that can be used to determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous dominant for a trait.

Phenotype is a mix of genetics and environment

Sometimes genetics isn’t always as simple as Mendel’s Law of Dominance

Allele pairs separate independently during the formation of gametes. Traits are transmitted to offspring independently of one another.

1.Refers to an individual’s observable traits. 2.Which of the following describes a phenotype? a. Ggb. homozygousc. dimplesd. heterozygous 3.What term describes an organism in which two alleles for a trait are different? 4.Crossing a purebred, purple-flowered plant with a purebred, white-flowered plant can be symbolized by which of the following genotype crosses? a. Ff X ffb. FF X ffc. Ff X Ffd. FF X FF 5. Two pea plants are crossed, TT X tt. Make a Punnett Square. Write the genotypic ratio. 6. AB blood is a result of what type of inheritance?

7. Chromosomes other than those involved in sex determination are known as… 8. Non-disjunction involving the X chromosome occurs during oogenesis and produces XX eggs and 0 eggs. If normal Y sperm fertilize the eggs, which genotypes are possible? a. XX &XY b. XXY &YOc. XYY & X0 d. XYY & X0 9. Huntington’s disease is what type of disease? 10.

a)Individual showing the trait being tracked b)Male c)Generation # d)Offspring with birth order left to right e)Female f)Marriage/mating g)Sex undetermined I, II, III, IV