1 Why prototype? “…the value of prototypes resides less in the models themselves than in the interactions they invite.” Michael Schrage – Serious Play

2 Why prototype? “…innovative prototypes generate innovative teams. The prototype plays a more influential role in creating a team than teams do in creating prototypes.” Michael Schrage – Serious Play

3 What to Prototype? “…Prototypes provide the means for examining design problems and evaluating solutions. Selecting the focus of a prototype is the art of identifying the most important open design questions.” Houde and Hill – What do Prototypes Prototype?

4 What is the Prototype? “…Prototypes are not self- explanatory…Clarifying what aspects of a prototype correspond to the eventual artifact─and what don’t─is a key part of successful prototyping.” Houde and Hill – What do Prototypes Prototype?

5 Prototyping questions: framing Who will you show your prototype to? - homogeneity, scale (number of users) - conflicting interests, special needs - access & availability / time / commitment What do you expect to learn from them? - background: their knowledge, problems, dreams & wishes - preferences: alternatives, features - overall experience: likes and dislikes, mood, attitude What role do you want them to play in the design? - teach you about the use context - learn from you about possibilities - collaborate in developing design ideas / solutions

6 Sketches Diagrams & Frameworks Hand Made Constructions Machined Constructions Virtual Models Graphics Packaging Spaces Role Play, Experiences Video What can be a Prototype?

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8 Prototyping in 3 stages of design LOW RESOLUTION project time EVOLVE VALIDATE # of ideas IDEO 09/28/05 prototype driven specsHIGH RESOLUTIONspec driven prototypes INSPIRE Rough Right Rapid

9 Prototyping Behaviors Embrace Failure Build it Yourself Leverage your Design Community Prototype to specify Low resolution model INSPIREEVOLVEVALIDATE Expect Changes Build it with an Expert Leverage our Experts Prototype is partially specified Targeted model Manage Changes Have an Expert build it Leverage our Vendor Network Prototype is specified Integrated model In this course we are basically doing phase I prototypes (Inspire), with hopefully a slight foray into phase II (Evolve)

10 Prototypes Look like… Work like… Experience like …..

11 Prototyping types (Houde and Hill) role implementationlook & feel

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18 Practical Suggestions (Houde and Hill) Define “prototype” broadly Build multiple prototypes Know your audience Know your prototype; prepare your audience

19 The Key Principle: Know where you are, and act appropriately

20 Focus on levels of user experience work organization - new way to distribute and coordinate work - drawings of structure, scenarios of interaction of tasks work task - explore a new task and how its context changes - tools (placeholders) + scenarios & role plays of the process procedure - demonstrate process in normal + extreme work situations. - storyboards, scenarios & role plays tool - illustrate working artifact + user experienced in use - paper, card board, slides, models... beta versions

21 Questions for your discussion What kind of prototype should we develop? Who will we show it to in what setting? What do we expect to learn? How will we evaluate that learning?