Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria. Viruses: are much smaller than bacteria consist of a genome in a protective coat reproduce only within host.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Viruses: are much smaller than bacteria consist of a genome in a protective coat reproduce only within host cell use enzymes and ribosomes of host to make more viruses Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Lytic cycle: Lysogenic cycle: Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Lytic cycle: Virus destroys host DNA, makes new viruses, digests cell wall Lysogenic cycle: Virus inserts DNA into host genome (becoming a dormant prophage). Generations later, virus reactivates. Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Lytic cycle: Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Lytic cycle: Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Lytic cycle: Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Lytic cycle: Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Lytic cycle: Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Lytic cycle: Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Lytic cycle: Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Lytic cycle: Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Lytic cycle: Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Lytic cycle: Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Lytic cycle: Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Lysogenic cycle: Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Lysogenic cycle: Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Lysogenic cycle: Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Lysogenic cycle: Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Lysogenic cycle: prophage Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Lysogenic cycle: Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Lysogenic cycle: Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Lysogenic cycle:

Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria Lysogenic cycle:

Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria Lysogenic cycle:

Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria Lysogenic cycle:

Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria Lysogenic cycle:

Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria Lysogenic cycle:

Animal Viruses: are diverse in their means of infection often have an envelope acquired from cell membrane. Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Retroviruses: made of RNA use reverse transcriptase to make DNA from RNA template DNA inserts into host genome as dormant provirus. Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Emerging viruses: usually existing viruses that expand their host territory. Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Viroids: naked RNA Prions: infectious proteins mad cow disease. Chapter 18 Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria

Plasmids: Small rings of DNA with accessory genes Bacteria

Plasmids: Small rings of DNA with accessory genes. chromosome plasmid Bacteria

Transformation: Bacteria

Transformation: Bacteria take up naked DNA Bacteria

Transformation: Bacteria take up naked DNA Bacteria

Transformation: Bacteria take up naked DNA Bacteria

Transduction: Bacteria

Transduction: Phages carry bacterial DNA Bacteria

Transduction: Phages carry bacterial DNA Bacteria

Transduction: Phages carry bacterial DNA Bacteria

Transduction: Phages carry bacterial DNA Bacteria

Transduction: Phages carry bacterial DNA Bacteria

Conjugation: Bacteria

Conjugation: Bacteria “mate” to share DNA Bacteria

Conjugation: Bacteria “mate” to share DNA Bacteria

Conjugation: Bacteria “mate” to share DNA Bacteria

Conjugation: Bacteria “mate” to share DNA Bacteria

Conjugation: Bacteria “mate” to share DNA Bacteria

Conjugation: Bacteria “mate” to share DNA Bacteria

Conjugation: Bacteria “mate” to share DNA Bacteria

The F-factor gives a bacteria the ability to conjugate Bacteria

The F-factor gives a bacteria the ability to conjugate. The F-plasmid carries the genes for sex pili. Bacteria

Hfr cells (high frequency or recombination cells) have the F plasmid incorporated into the chromosome Bacteria

Hfr cells (high frequency or recombination cells) have the F plasmid incorporated into the chromosome. The F-factor of an Hfr carries other genes along with it. Bacteria

R-plasmids carry antibiotic resistance. Bacteria

Transposons are “jumping genes” that can move about in the genome. Bacteria