/centre TDO Experience on Renewable Energy in the Netherlands A.F. (Arjan) Kirkels MSc Staff member centre Technology for Sustainable Development Eindhoven University of Technology

/centre TDO Table of content 1.Targets and realisation for renewable energy 2.Wind energy 3.Biomass 4.Renewable energy in the build environment

/centre TDO The structure of the country: what do the Netherlands look like?? Small country, 200 * 300 km2 Densely populated: - many villages and cities - a very dense grid Posibilities for: - grid connected power - energy in the build environment - regulations Possible barriers: - inconvenience likely, always people or building in the surroundings - less room for energy options - regulations 1. Targets and realisation

/centre TDO Dutch targets on renewables  10% annual consumption in 2020, 5% in 2010 (primary energy)  9% of annual electricity consumption in Biomass Priority areas: 2. Wind Off-shore: MW (2020) pilot: near shore wind park (100 MW), 2005 On shore: MW (2020) 1. Targets and realisation

/centre TDO Dutch targets on renewables 10% in Targets and realisation

/centre TDO Realisation of renewable energy in PJ 1. Targets and realisation

/centre TDO Table of content 1.Targets and realisation for renewable energy 2.Wind energy 3.Biomass 4.Renewable energy in the build environment

/centre TDO Market and economy 2001 Energy pay back period: 3-6 months Life span of 20 year Total production capacity of 480 MW Stable growth of MWe a year 2. Wind energy

/centre TDO Wind energy in the Netherlands 2. Wind energy

/centre TDO Wind turbine technology Enlarging 2. Wind energy

/centre TDO Large turbines…. 2. Wind energy

/centre TDO Restricted potential on land…. 2. Wind energy

/centre TDO Offshore development Start 2003: 252 MW in use 2. Wind energy distance to shore water depth reliability under hard conditions

/centre TDO Offshore 2. Wind energy

/centre TDO Table of content 1.Targets and realisation for renewable energy 2.Wind energy 3.Biomass 4.Renewable energy in the build environment

/centre TDO Biomass All kind of different flows: - caloric value - content of water - potential of flow in NL Different conversion routes: - efficiency - emissions - sort of energy used Sort of energy produced Logistics !! (import??)

/centre TDO Biomass capacity in use 3. Biomass

/centre TDO Municipal waste incinerators Relative low costs: installations already exist Good gas cleaning (low emission) make it possible to use all kinds of biomass Biomass prefered with high caloric value and little water Low efficiency of electricity generation

/centre TDO Power plants co-combustion in existing coal plants Relative low costs: most of the installation already exist Restricted gas cleaning, only clean biomass (no paint etc.) Biomass prefered with high caloric value and little water High efficiency, but conservative: biomass should not disturb the electricity production

/centre TDO Transition path: research and experiments Macro level World, europe, national Agreements on sustainability Draw up a common view Meso level national, policy, technology Transition path for technology Streamline government policy Micro level Companies, specific technologies Effective biomass market place Experiments

/centre TDO Transition path: some topics Ethanol for transport and chemistry Transport on bio diesel Syngas for energycarriers (gas, transport, chemistry) Bioplastics Biomass in coal plants with high efficiency Micro algal as raw material from the sea Hydrogen production from wet biomass Small scale cogeneration on biomass

/centre TDO Table of content 1.Targets and realisation for renewable energy 2.Wind energy 3.Biomass 4.Renewable energy in the build environment

/centre TDO Renewable energy in build environment PV – solar electric cells (stand alone & grid connected) Solar thermal systems (solar collector, > systems) Heat pumps Energy storage (acquifers – hot & cold) Heat networks New: small windmills 4. The build environment

/centre TDO PV – solar electric cells 4. The build environment

/centre TDO Solar thermal systems (solar collectors) 4. The build environment

/centre TDO Heat pump (ambient energy) 4. The build environment

/centre TDO Energy storage (acquifer) 4. The build environment

/centre TDO Small windmills 4. The build environment