U.S. Prepares for War -”Cash and Carry “ policy begins: revised neutrality acts to help Allies, leaves Britain bankrupt -Axis Powers formed Germany, Italy, Japan -Selective Service begins draft process (age 21-36) -Roosevelt seeks third term and wins election -Lend-Lease policy begun to help supply allies-Arsenal of Democracy (neighbor’s house on fire example) -Atlantic Charter signed between U.S. and Britain resembles 14 points of Wilson

War Plans -Roosevelt and British leader Churchill meet Aug 1941: Atlantic Charter -Germany is top priority Germany then Japan -only an unconditional surrender is acceptable, Axis powers must accept all terms -Battle of the Atlantic: longest military campaign of WWII convoy system Liberty ship building program was producing great numbers of ships to supply war -Allies begin strategic bombing of Germany to destroy war capabilities

Hitler’s Mistake -Battle of Britain has stalled: RAF holds off German AF -June 1941 Germany attacks Russia why? Russia wanted to expand empire = direct threat to Germany -early success but then stalemate -Russian winter sets in and halts advance -Now war is on two fronts: Eastern and Western Europe Begins to strain German forces

U.S. enters the War -U.S. has embargo on Japan for actions in the Pacific: Roosevelt limits what Japan can buy, eventually cuts them off as they aggressively expand -U.S. had warning of a possible Japanese attack somewhere, but did not know where Why Pearl Harbor? Easy access and home of the Pacific Fleet -Dec. 7th, 1941 Pearl Harbor is attacked “day that will live in infamy” FDR addresses nation, famous quote -U.S. declares war on Japan and then Germany, Italy declare war on U.S.

Americans in the Service -millions volunteered and millions more were drafted 16 million serve as GI’s (government issued) -GI’s went to basic training for 8 weeks Knew they were fighting to keep freedoms -Women’s Auxiliary Corps thousands volunteered (350,000) but they couldn’t serve in combat -Minorities served in segregated units Tuskegee Airmen: first African American flying force

Life on the Home Front -War Production Board industries were retooled to make war materials conversion of industry -Scientists are mobilized radar, sonar, penicillin, atomic bomb (Manhattan Project) Japan would be a very hard invasion, making a bomb would help prevent need to invade -women stepped into many war materials jobs “Rosie the Riveter” working woman of WWII -Entertainment propaganda -newsreels

FDR’s Four Freedoms: Freedom of speech and expression; Freedom of every person to worship God in his own way; Freedom from want; Freedom from fear

Government Control -Inflation controlled by price freezes Office of Price Administration -many products rationed to conserve resources fair distribution of scarce items -income taxes increased: to help finance war, 41% paid by taxes -War Bonds sold: help fund war, Liberty gardens reemerge -Japanese Internment: Japanese-Americans were put into camps in the United States Korematsu v. United States discriminatory policy??? Made segregation of Japanese temporarily legal

Essential Questions 5. Was U.S. involvement in the war inevitable? 6. How and why did WWII impact the economic, social, cultural, and political life of the U.S? 7. What led to U.S. entry into WWII?

Review Questions What action was the STRONGEST indication that the U.S. was abandoning neutrality in WWII before Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor? The Tripartite Pack The Atlantic Charter The Lend-Lease Act The Neutrality Act of 1939

“In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expression – everywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way – everywhere in the world. The third is freedom from want… The fourth is freedom from fear. 2. The “four freedoms” speech helped gain widespread support in the U.S. for what? Increasing aid to the Allies Decreasing immigration A military and arms buildup A presidential election

3. What action did the federal government take to organize the nation’s economy for war? Banned membership in labor unions Set up a rationing system Lowered income tax rates Built factories to produce war goods

4. Policy begun to allow Allies to obtain war supplies without making them pay for the materials upfront. Lend-Lease Cash and Carry Appeasement Buying on Margin

5. On December 7, 1941, Germany invaded Poland WWII was over The U.S. re-elected FDR to a third term Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, HI

6. Which statement BEST describes how Japanese Americans were affected by WWII? Many were forced into internment camps Many returned to Japan Many remained loyal to Japan Many lost their American citizenship