Warm-Ups 02/18 These need to go in UNIT III Warm-Ups Section What Supreme Court decision stated “separate but, equal?” What Supreme Court decision decided that all schools should be integrated?

Warm-Ups 03/01 Name the largest minority group in the United States. What group is the fastest growing minority group in the US?

21.1 – Diversity & Discrimination in American Society

Heterogeneous Society A.K.A. Mixed, Melting Pot, etc. Historically, the U.S. has been predominately Caucasian (1790, 1st Census – 4 out of 5 people were Caucasian) Immigration has changed the composition of the U.S. population throughout history

Race-Based Discrimination White Americans, historically, have been reluctant to give equal rights to African Americans, Native Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Women

African Americans: Why such a focus? 2nd Largest minority group Victims of consistent and deliberate unjust treatment for a longer time than most Most gains in guaranteeing equality have come from effects made by African Americans

Native Americans Historically, Native Americans have been pushed from there ancestral lands to the Great Plains Forced on to reservations Poverty, joblessness, and alcoholism are just a few consequences of the overwhelming discrimination

Hispanic Americans (Spanish Speaking) Largest and 2nd fastest growing minority Divisions: (1) Mexican Americans, (2) Puerto Ricans, (3) Cuban Americans, and (4) Central & South Americans

Asian Americans Assimilation: process by which people merge into and become part of another culture 1850’s: 1st arrived as miners Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) Japanese Internment Camps (World War II) Today, fastest growing population

Women Majority group Historically, women have not enjoyed the same rights as men (property rights, education, employment, suffrage, etc.) Women’s Suffrage – 19th Amendment Equal Pay Act of 1963 Civil Rights Act of 1964 Still, today, women earn less than men –Why? Discrimination, history, motherhood, etc. On average, a woman earn 80¢ for every $1 a man earns Historically, only low-paying jobs were available to women

21.2 – Equality Before the Law

Equal Protection Clause 14th Amendment: “No state shall…deny…equal protection of the laws.” Reasonable Classification –Government CAN discriminate reasonably Example: taking away rights/privileges of prisoners –Government CAN NOT discriminate unreasonably Example: every state taxes cigarettes, they can’t only tax male smokers

Segregation in American Separation of one group from another –Example: Jim Crow Laws were enforced to segregate African Americans from whites Separate-but-Equal Doctrine –Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896: decided that equal facilities will be provided for both blacks and whites – justified segregation by race –Brown v. Board of Education, 1954: reversed the Plessy v. Ferguson decision; called for desegregation (integration) –De Jure, De Facto Segregation De Jure Segregation: Segregation by law De Facto Segregation: Segregation, even if no law requires it