Ranching in Texas Chapter 17. Spanish Origins Before Europeans explored North America, cattle in Spain were raised for meat & hides. When the Spanish.

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Presentation transcript:

Ranching in Texas Chapter 17

Spanish Origins Before Europeans explored North America, cattle in Spain were raised for meat & hides. When the Spanish came to Texas, they brought cattle with them.

Cattle During the Civil War With most men fighting in the Civil War, the ranching work was left undone. Many herds roamed Texas & increased greatly. After the war, there were so many cattle with few people that could afford to buy them.

Railroad Expansion After the Civil War, railroads expanded westward. This allowed ranchers to ship their cattle to markets across Texas, and to the North & East.

A Market For Beef After the Civil War, the demand for beef increased with stockyards & packinghouses being established near Chicago & St. Louis. Stockyard: A pen where livestock is kept before being butchered or shipped to market Packinghouse: A warehouse where beef is prepared for shipment

Cow Towns Developed A longhorn that was worth $4 in Texas brought $40 in the packinghouses. As a result, Joseph G. McCoy built the first cow town in Abilene, Kansas along the Union Pacific Railroad. Cow Town: A town that serves as a market for cattle

Cattle Trails The Chisholm Trail was the 1 st cattle trail that connected Texas to the Abilene cow town. 35,000 cattle reached Abilene on this trail in 1867 & 6 million longhorns by As more railroads were built, more trails developed.

Cowboy Culture Since most ranches were established in West Texas, this region developed a cowboy culture. The cowboy, or cowhand, has become a popular folk hero & a symbol of the West.

Barbed Wire The success of the ranching industry caused ranges to become crowded with too many ranchers competing for pasture space. In 1873, Joseph F. Glidden invented Barbed Wire, which was inexpensive and kept cattle from destroying crops on other farms. As a result, open ranges became a thing of the past.

Ranching Becomes Commercial Since ranching was so successful, many foreign investors bought ranches in West Texas. The invention of barbed wire allowed these investors to build fences, which caused ranching to become commercial instead of a way of life.

Windmills Since West Texas was dry with few rivers, cattle owners had allowed their cattle to roam the open range in search of water. However, windmills were invented to pump underground water from wells. Ranchers used these to provide water for their cattle & to keep them in a certain area.