WORKSHOP ON GREEN BUILDING MASTER TRAINER & ECBC EXPERT ARCHITECT TRAINER & EVALUATOR CHAIR PERSON KOLKATA CHAPTER ARCHITECT: SHAKUNTALA GHOSH PARTNER,PRINCIPAL ARCHITECT GHOSH BOSE & ASSOCIATES KOLKATA

The Government of West Bengal is to be lauded for its path breaking initiative to allow extra Floor Area Ratio for Green Building in order to provide incentive for adoption of green norms for all upcoming residential and commercial building. The question arises ‘What is a green building’ How can it be assessed and quantified. How can it be incentivised effectively?

What is a Green Building ? A green building is one that uses less water, optimizes energy efficiency, conservative natural resources, generates less waste and provides healthier spaces for occupants, as compared to a conventional building

Sustainable building has always been a way of life in India. Traditionally, in India, we have always built edifices using locally available materials with great skill, in harmony with nature and the local climate. The Indian way of life is aparigraha (minimum possession), conservation (minimum consumption) and recycling (minimum waste). These three attributes are the guiding principles for sustainable buildings as well. With these attributes and its rich heritage, India can make a substantial contribution in this field and eventually lead the world on the path of sustainability.

Less than hundred years ago, industrial revolution came to India and changed many of these traditional sustainable practices in buildings. The insatiable thirst for progress and comfort-at-any-cost, altered the equation with nature for ever, Concrete, steel, glass and later plastics became the dominant construction materials, beyond stone and wood of yesteryears. Power supply, artificial lighting, water supply and disposal, and thermal environmental control within built environment, were desired and obtained. The older civilizations grew along the river banks, always regarding rivers as sacred. With the industrial revolution, untreated water, effluents from chemical industries and organic waste were discharged into rivers and water bodies, destroying our precious sources of water for domestic use. In addition, the unsustainable development of building and industries have led to huge construction waste and solid waste during their operation, which today have become a major problem.

Modern building in India consume about 25 to 30 percent of total energy, and upto 30 percent of fresh potable water, and generate approximately 40 percent of total waste. India is now entering the phase of rapid urbanization. Various studies indicate that by 2050, the built foot print of India may become four times the current mass, which may pose a major challenge in preserving our fragile environment. Although the present energy consumption per capita in India is a fraction of that of most developed nations, but with its projected growth, unless enough measures are taken, it may lead to acceleration of environment degradation, contributing to increased carbon footprint leading to global warming and climate change.

It is important to note that ‘green building’ is not a product It is important to note that ‘green building’ is not a product. It is a process that starts right from Site Selection Design Phase Solar Passive design, building envelope A practical and climate conscious approach is taken while designing a green building. Various factors, like geographical location prevailing climatic conditions.

Choice of Materials Energy Efficiency Building materials typically considered to be ‘green’ include renewable plant materials like bamboo and straw, dimension stone, recycled stone, recycled metal, and other products that are non-toxic, reusable, renewable, and/or recyclable. Energy Efficiency Conventional buildings consume copious amounts of energy. So, combining cutting-edge energy efficient technologies with adaptation of practices used in vernacular architecture especially for countries where per capita energy consumption is high will reduce the dependence on the fossil fuels.

Use of RE Water Efficiency On site generation of renewable energy through solar power, wind power, hydro power, or biomass can significantly reduce the environmental impact of the building. Water Efficiency Reducing water consumption and protecting water quality key objectives in green buildings. The protection and conservation of water throughout the life of a building may be accomplished by designing for dual plumbing that recycles water in toilet flushing. Wast-water may be minimized by utilizing water conserving fixtures, such as ultra-low flush toilets and low-flow shower heads.

Reduction of Waste Construction Phase In reducing waste, green building ensures that materials are used efficiently with minimal contribution to the landfill. A well- designed building also offers ways for the occupants to reduce their waste by using rainwater cisterns, composters and other things so that after the building is complete, waste is minimized at all stages. Well-designed buildings also help reduce the amount of waste generated by the occupants by providing on-site solutions such as compost bins to reduce matter going to landfills. Construction Phase Operation and Maintenance phase

National Standards as Baselines Bettering the standards National Building Code Energy Conservation Building Code Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) MoEF Guidelines Uniform Plumbing Code of India Central Ground Water Board guidelines Central Pollution Control Board guidelines . . . .

Tangible Benefits Reduce operating costs Optimize life cycle economic performance Sustained savings ITC Royal Gardenia, Bangalore Platinum Rated Energy savings: 30 – 50 % Water savings: 20 – 30 % Reduction in initial investment

TCS Technopark, Chennai World Class Standards & Procedures Intangible Benefits of Green Design Environmental benefits Reduce impact on the environment Health and Safety benefits Enhance occupant comfort Improve Productivity of occupants TCS Technopark, Chennai Gold rating World Class Standards & Procedures

Approach for Green Building Rating System Performance (Monitoring, Reporting) Stringency (Lower rating : Little effort Higher rating : World-class) Supporting System (Product certification…)

Certification Process Robust & Unique process To ensure sustained performance Physical audit Before final certification Measurement & Monitoring system

IGBC Certification Process Online Project Registration at www.igbc.in Project team submits Preliminary documentation for review to IGBC 30 Days Review by IGBC 3rd Party Assessors Submission of Final documentation by Project team Site visit by IGBC 30 Days Final review & award of rating No Project team appeals within 30 Days of announcement Acceptance of rating by project Yes IGBC presents plaque indicating certification level

IGBC Certification Levels Outstanding Performance Rating Points Recognition Certified 40 – 49 Good Practices Silver 50 – 59 Best Practices Gold 60 – 74 Outstanding Performance Platinum 75 – 89 National Excellence Super Platinum 90 – 100 Global Leadership

IGBC has more than 90% of green footprint share in India Offices / IT Parks Residential Hotels / Hospitals Schools / Colleges Factories IGBC has more than 90% of green footprint share in India

IGBC Rating Programmes One single rating cannot be applied to suit all building types IGBC Green New Buildings IGBC Green Existing Buildings IGBC Green Homes IGBC Green Schools IGBC Green Factory Buildings IGBC Green Townships IGBC Green SEZs IGBC Green Landscape IGBC Green MRTS Rating IGBC Green Interiors* Rating systems applicable for all 5 climatic zones in the country * Rating under development

IGBC and Government . . . Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) Notification on Green Buildings Faster Environmental Clearance to projects applying for IGBC Green Building Certification Jaipur Development Authority (JDA) Additional FAR of 5% free of charge for IGBC rated Green Buildings Plot size of 5,000 sq.m and above Achieving a minimum of Gold rating

IGBC and Government . . . Punjab Urban Development Authority (PUDA) Additional FAR of 5% free of charge for IGBC rated Green Buildings Development of State-wise Green Building Guidelines Government of West Bengal

IGBC and Government . . . Additional FAR of 5% for IGBC rated Green Buildings: New Okhla Industrial Development Authority (NOIDA), Greater Noida Industrial Development Authority (GNIDA) Yamuna Expressway Industrial Development Authority (YEIDA) Plot size of 5,000 sq.m and above To achieve a minimum of Gold rating

Additional FAR for IGBC rated Green Buildings proposed by: IGBC and Government . . . Additional FAR for IGBC rated Green Buildings proposed by: Ghaziabad Development Authority (GDA) Delhi Development Authority (DDA)

Every Prerequisite & Credit Point Has impact on the bottom line Economic Environmental Community Complying with prerequisites Enhances the building design & performance

Project Registration Online Registration www.igbc.in Resources for Registered projects Templates 2 Free CIRs (Credit Interpretation Rulings) When to register Can register at any stage Registration at early phase – maximum potential for achieving certification

Low VOC Paints & Adhesives Few Green Concepts Low VOC Materials Paints & Adhesives Efficient plumbing fixtures Flow & flush fixtures Waste Water Treatment & Reuse Low VOC Paints & Adhesives Low Flow Fixtures On-site STP

Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) IGBC formed by CII in 2001 Vision of IGBC Enable ‘sustainable built environment for all’ India to be one of the global leaders in sustainable built environment by 2025

IGBC Green New Buildings Launched on 4 September 2014 For Government & Corporate offices, IT parks, banks, shopping malls, hotels, airports, stadiums, convention centre, etc., © Confederation of Indian Industry

IGBC Green New Buildings Rating System Applicable for Owner-occupied Buildings and Tenant-occupied Buildings National Standards/ Codes as baselines Few new concepts addressed: Sustainable Architecture and Design Optimisation in Structural Design Preservation or Transplantation of Trees Treated Water For Construction Use of Certified Building Products . . .

IGBC and Government

Go Green! Visit www.igbc.in