PLUMBING FIXTURES INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES

SOLID VITRIFIED CHINA TOILET PLUMBING FIXTURES INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER CLOSETS URINALS BIDETS BATHTUBS SHOWERS LAVATORIES KITCHEN SINKS SLOP SINKS WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES MATERIALS: SOLID VITRIFIED CHINA. STAINLESS STEEL SOLID VITRIFIED CHINA TOILET

STAINLESS STEEL TOILET PLUMBING FIXTURES INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER CLOSETS URINALS BIDETS BATHTUBS SHOWERS LAVATORIES KITCHEN SINKS SLOP SINKS WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES STAINLESS STEEL TOILET

PLUMBING FIXTURES FLUSH TANK: SUPPLIED WITH A 3/8” OR ½” LINE. INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER CLOSETS URINALS BIDETS BATHTUBS SHOWERS LAVATORIES KITCHEN SINKS SLOP SINKS WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES FLUSH TANK: SUPPLIED WITH A 3/8” OR ½” LINE. TANK REFILLS SLOWLY. REPEAT FLUSHING IS DELAYED UNTIL THE TANK REFILLS. FLUSH TYPE

PLUMBING FIXTURES FLUSH VALVE: INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER CLOSETS URINALS BIDETS BATHTUBS SHOWERS LAVATORIES KITCHEN SINKS SLOP SINKS WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES FLUSH VALVE: SUPPLIED WITH A ONE INCH LINE TO HANDLE A SHORT BURST OF HIGH VELOCITY WATER. NO DELAY IN RE-FLUSHING. FLUSH TYPE

PLUMBING FIXTURES SIPHON-JET: WATER ENTERS THROUGH THE RIM FOR CLEANSING & JETS UP IN THE LEG OF THE TRAPWAY TO CREATE A SIPHON. QUIET OPERATION. USES LESS THAN FOUR GALLONS PER FLUSH. MOST COMMONLY USED SYSTEM: WIDELY USED IN PRIVATE & RESIDENTIAL APPLICATIONS. WHEN USED WITH A FLUSH VALVE, IT IS CALLED A FLUSHOMETER. INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER CLOSETS URINALS BIDETS BATHTUBS SHOWERS LAVATORIES KITCHEN SINKS SLOP SINKS WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES CLEANSING ACTION

PLUMBING FIXTURES BLOWOUT DESIGN: INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION USES A DIRECT JET STREAM FOR BOWL EVACUATION. FLUSHING ACTION IS RAPID & FORCEFUL. HIGHLY EFFICIENT DUE TO A HIGH VELOCITY WATER DESIGN. SELF-CLEANSING & LOW MAINTENANCE. LOW WATER USAGE. (MAX.. 3.5 GALLONS PER FLUSH). VERY NOISY. NOT USED WITH TANK FLUSHING. USED IN HEAVY DUTY INSTALLATIONS SUCH AS STADIUMS & INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS. INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER CLOSETS URINALS BIDETS BATHTUBS SHOWERS LAVATORIES KITCHEN SINKS SLOP SINKS WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES CLEANSING ACTION

PLUMBING FIXTURES MOUNTING TYPE: INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER CLOSETS URINALS BIDETS BATHTUBS SHOWERS LAVATORIES KITCHEN SINKS SLOP SINKS WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES MOUNTING TYPE: FLOOR MOUNTED FLOOR MOUNTED TOILET

PLUMBING FIXTURES WALL-HUNG: INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER DEMAND WATER CLOSETS URINALS BIDETS BATHTUBS SHOWERS LAVATORIES KITCHEN SINKS SLOP SINKS WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES WALL-HUNG: MOST COSTLY TO INSTALL. MUST BE MOUNTED ON CONCEALED CARRIERS. EASIER TO MAINTAIN. MOUNTING TYPE

ALTERNATIVES TO THE STANDARD FLUSH TOILET PLUMBING FIXTURES PRESSURIZED AIR WITH WATER: AIR-ASSISTED TOILET THAT USES ONLY TWO QUARTS OF WATER PER FLUSH. AIR COMPRESSOR SUPPLIES THE COMPRESSED AIR THAT ASSISTS THE WATER FLUSH. USES MODEST AMOUNTS OF ELECTRICITY. INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER CLOSETS URINALS BIDETS BATHTUBS SHOWERS LAVATORIES KITCHEN SINKS SLOP SINKS WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES ALTERNATIVES TO THE STANDARD FLUSH TOILET

ALTERNATIVES TO THE STANDARD FLUSH TOILET PLUMBING FIXTURES INCINERATION: COMES IN EITHER A TOILET OR URINAL MODEL. NO PLUMBING CONNECTIONS. REQUIRES ONLY THE SPACE OCCUPIED BY THE STANDARD-SIZE UNIT ABOVE THE FLOOR LINE. WASTE REDUCED TO A SMALL VOLUME OF ASH. REQUIRES ELECTRICAL POWER ONLY. INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER CLOSETS URINALS BIDETS BATHTUBS SHOWERS LAVATORIES KITCHEN SINKS SLOP SINKS WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES ALTERNATIVES TO THE STANDARD FLUSH TOILET

ALTERNATIVES TO THE STANDARD FLUSH TOILET PLUMBING FIXTURES INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER CLOSETS URINALS BIDETS BATHTUBS SHOWERS LAVATORIES KITCHEN SINKS SLOP SINKS WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES COMPOSTING: CHAMBER BELOW THE FLOOR HOLDS THE WASTE IN IDEAL CONDITIONS FOR DECOMPOSITION BY AEROBIC DIGESTION. ROOM AIR IS CONTINUOUSLY DRAWN INTO THE COMPOSTING CHAMBER & VENTED OUT THROUGH THE ROOF. ELIMINATES WATER CONSUMPTION BUT INCREASES ENERGY CONSUMPTION. ALTERNATIVES TO THE STANDARD FLUSH TOILET

SOLID VITRIFIED CHINA URINAL PLUMBING FIXTURES INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER CLOSETS URINALS BIDETS BATHTUBS SHOWERS LAVATORIES KITCHEN SINKS SLOP SINKS WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES URINALS: VITREOUS CHINA OR ENAMELED IRON. COMES IN SIPHON-JET & BLOWOUT TYPES. EITHER WALL OR FLOOR MOUNTED. SOLID VITRIFIED CHINA URINAL

SOLID VITRIFIED CHINA BIDET PLUMBING FIXTURES INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER CLOSETS URINALS BIDETS BATHTUBS SHOWERS LAVATORIES KITCHEN SINKS SLOP SINKS WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES BIDETS: LOW BASIN USED TO BATH ONE’S PRIVATE PARTS. CONSTRUCTED OF VITREOUS CHINA . HOT & COLD WATER ENTER AROUND THE FLUSHING RIM, WITH A SPRAY RINSE AS AN OPTIONAL FEATURE. SOLID VITRIFIED CHINA BIDET

PLUMBING FIXTURES BATHTUBS: MATERIALS: STANDARD SIZES: INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER CLOSETS URINALS BIDETS BATHTUBS SHOWERS LAVATORIES KITCHEN SINKS SLOP SINKS WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES BATHTUBS: MATERIALS: ENAMELED CAST IRON. PORCELAIN ENAMEL ON PRESSED STEEL. FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC. STANDARD SIZES: 5’-0” & 6’-0” FREESTANDING BATHTUB

CUSTOM TRAVERTINE BATHTUB PLUMBING FIXTURES INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER CLOSETS URINALS BIDETS BATHTUBS SHOWERS LAVATORIES KITCHEN SINKS SLOP SINKS WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES CUSTOM TRAVERTINE BATHTUB

LE CORBUSIER, BATHROOM, VILLA SAVOY, POISSY, FR, 1929-31 PLUMBING FIXTURES INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER CLOSETS URINALS BIDETS BATHTUBS SHOWERS LAVATORIES KITCHEN SINKS SLOP SINKS WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES LE CORBUSIER, BATHROOM, VILLA SAVOY, POISSY, FR, 1929-31

INDEPENDENTLY CONSTRUCTED SHOWER STALL PLUMBING FIXTURES INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER CLOSETS URINALS BIDETS BATHTUBS SHOWERS LAVATORIES KITCHEN SINKS SLOP SINKS WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES SHOWERS: SHOWERS CAN BE INTEGRATED WITH A BATHTUB OR BE INDEPENDENTLY CONSTRUCTED INTO SHOWER STALLS. THERMOSTATIC VALVES MIX THE WATER FOR THE DESIRED OUTLET TEMPERATURE. BETTER-DESIGNED CONTROL VALVES HAVE A PRESSURE BALANCE FEATURE SO THAT WATER TEMPERATURE WILL NOT FLUCTUATE. INDEPENDENTLY CONSTRUCTED SHOWER STALL

PLUMBING FIXTURES INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER DEMAND TRAPS WATER CLOSETS URINALS BIDETS BATHTUBS SHOWERS LAVATORIES KITCHEN SINKS SLOP SINKS WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES CUSTOM SHOWER STALL

PLUMBING FIXTURES LAVATORIES: INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER CLOSETS URINALS BIDETS BATHTUBS SHOWERS LAVATORIES KITCHEN SINKS SLOP SINKS WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES LAVATORIES: LAVATORIES CAN BE MADE USING A VARIETY OF MATERIALS. LAVATORIES IN PUBLIC FACILITIES SHOULD HAVE SELF-CLOSING FAUCETS TO MINIMIZE WATER WASTE. PEDESTAL LAVATORY

PLUMBING FIXTURES INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER DEMAND TRAPS WATER CLOSETS URINALS BIDETS BATHTUBS SHOWERS LAVATORIES KITCHEN SINKS SLOP SINKS WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES BANK OF LAVATORIES

STAINLESS STEEL KITCHEN SINK PLUMBING FIXTURES INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER CLOSETS URINALS BIDETS BATHTUBS SHOWERS LAVATORIES KITCHEN SINKS SLOP SINKS WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES KITCHEN SINKS: MATERIALS: STAINLESS STEEL, ENAMELED CAST IRON, PRE-CAST TERRAZZO OR REINFORCED GLASS FIBER. STAINLESS STEEL SINKS ARE PREFERRED BECAUSE THEY ARE DURABLE & EASY TO CLEAN. AVAILABLE IN SINGLE-, DOUBLE- AND TRIPLE COMPARTMENTS. STAINLESS STEEL KITCHEN SINK

PLUMBING FIXTURES SERVICE SINKS: INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER CLOSETS URINALS BIDETS BATHTUBS SHOWERS LAVATORIES KITCHEN SINKS SLOP SINKS WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES SERVICE SINKS: SERVICE SINKS, SOMETIMES CALLED SLOP SINKS, ARE LOCATED IN JANITOR’S ROOMS FOR FILLING BUCKETS, CLEANING MOPS AND FOR GENERAL PURPOSE CLEANING. SLOP SINK

PLUMBING FIXTURES FIXTURE UNIT: INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER DEMAND FLOW RATE DEMAND LOAD FRICTION LOSS TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES FIXTURE UNIT: PROBABLE DEMAND IS DEFINED IN FIXTURE UNITS. A FIXTURE UNIT IS A UNIT FLOW RATE APPROXIMATELY EQUAL TO 1 CUBIC FOOT PER MINUTE. FIXTURE UNITS

PLUMBING FIXTURES INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER DEMAND TRAPS FLOW RATE DEMAND LOAD FRICTION LOSS TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES FIXTURE UNITS

PLUMBING FIXTURES INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER DEMAND TRAPS FLOW RATE DEMAND LOAD FRICTION LOSS TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES BECAUSE IT IS UNLIKELY THAT ALL THE FIXTURES IN A BUILDING WOULD BE IN USE AT THE SAME TIME, CHARTS ARE AVAILABLE THAT RELATE FIXTURE UNITS TO FLOW IN GALLONS PER MINUTE. DEMAND LOAD

PLUMBING FIXTURES FRICTION LOSS: PIPING METERS INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER DEMAND FLOW RATE DEMAND LOAD FRICTION LOSS TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES FRICTION LOSS: PIPING METERS FICTION LOSS

PLUMBING FIXTURES TRAPS: FUNCTION: ACCESSIBILITY: INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER DEMAND TRAPS FUNCTION ACCESSIBILITY TYPES CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES TRAPS: FUNCTION: PREVENTS SEWER GASES FROM ENTERING THE SPACE. SELF-CLEANING. REQUIRED ON ALL FIXTURES. ACCESSIBILITY: ACCESSIBLE FOR CLEANOUT. WITHIN TWO FEET OF THE FIXTURE. TRAPS

PLUMBING FIXTURES INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER DEMAND TRAPS FUNCTION ACCESSIBILITY TYPES CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES TRAP TYPES

PLUMBING FIXTURES INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION DEFINITION SOLUTION NUMBER OF FIXTURES BACK-SIPHONING OF SEWAGE INTO POTABLE WATER SUPPLY.

PLUMBING FIXTURES VACUUM BREAKERS INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION DEFINITION SOLUTION NUMBER OF FIXTURES WHEN FLOW STOPS THE DISC AUTOMATICALLY SEALS ITSELF TO PREVENT BACK FLOW.

BACKFLOW PREVENTER: CHECK VALVES. PLUMBING FIXTURES INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION DEFINITION SOLUTION NUMBER OF FIXTURES BACKFLOW PREVENTER: CHECK VALVES.

PLUMBING FIXTURES SOLUTIONS TO CROSS- CONTAMINATION: INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION DEFINITION SOLUTION NUMBER OF FIXTURES SOLUTIONS TO CROSS- CONTAMINATION: AIR GAP BETWEEN SUPPLY OUTLET & THE HIGHEST POSSIBLE LEVEL OF WATER (2’ GAP). AIR GAP

NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE PLUMBING FIXTURES INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION WATER DEMAND TRAPS CROSS-CONTAMINATION NUMBER OF FIXTURES NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE