Understanding Citations LIBRARY LESSONS From the Research helpdesk August 2011 This tutorial is adapted from “Understanding Citations” Tutorial at University of Texas at Austin Understanding Citations is licensed by NJIT Library under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commerical-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License

Journal Article (MLA) Book (MLA)

…in an article on confusing concepts… published in American Journal of Psychiatry in 1974 (Pattison 1974). If you are interested a fact from a source mentioned in an article, look for the in text citation. (Pattison 1974).

Find the citation beginning with Pattison in the list of References at the end of the article for the entire citation for the source. …and an article on confusing concepts… published in American Journal of Psychiatry in 1974 (Pattison 1974). Pattison, E.M. (1974). Confusing concepts about the concept of homosexuality. American Journal of Psychiatry, 37,

All citations contain some common elements Journal Article Head J.W. "Do ice caves exist on Mars?." Icarus (2010): AUTHORTITLEDATE Book Armitage, Philip. Astrophysics of planet formation. New York : Cambridge University Press, Book Chapter Mertins, Detlef. “Pervasive plasticity.” Solid States. Ed. Michael Bell. New York: Princeton Architectural Press,

All citations contain some common elements Journal Article Head J.W. "Do ice caves exist on Mars?." Icarus (2010): AUTHORTITLEDATE Book Armitage, Philip. Astrophysics of planet formation. New York : Cambridge University Press, Book Chapter Mertins, Detlef. “Pervasive plasticity.” Solid States. Ed. Michael Bell. New York: Princeton Architectural Press,

All citations contain some common elements Journal Article Head J.W. "Do ice caves exist on Mars?." Icarus (2010): AUTHORTITLEDATE Book Armitage, Philip. Astrophysics of planet formation. New York : Cambridge University Press, Book Chapter Mertins, Detlef. “Pervasive plasticity.” Solid States. Ed. Michael Bell. New York: Princeton Architectural Press,

City of PublicationPublisher Book and Book Chapter Citations list the Journal Article Head J.W. "Do ice caves exist on Mars?." Icarus (2010): Book Armitage, Philip. Astrophysics of planet formation. New York : Cambridge University Press, Book Chapter Mertins, Detlef. “Pervasive plasticity.” Solid States. Ed. Michael Bell. New York : Princeton Architectural Press,

City of PublicationPublisher Book and Book Chapter Citations list the Journal Article Head J.W. "Do ice caves exist on Mars?." Icarus (2010): Book Armitage, Philip. Astrophysics of planet formation. New York : Cambridge University Press, Book Chapter Mertins, Detlef. “Pervasive plasticity.” Solid States. Ed. Michael Bell. New York : Princeton Architectural Press,

Journal Article and Book Chapter Citations list Title of source Where this appears Page Numbers Journal Article Head J.W. "Do ice caves exist on Mars?.“ Icarus (2010): Book Armitage, Philip. Astrophysics of planet formation. New York : Cambridge University Press, Book Chapter Mertins, Detlef. “Pervasive plasticity.” Solid States. Ed. Michael Bell. New York: Princeton Architectural Press,

Journal Article and Book Chapter Citations list Title of source Where this appears Page Numbers Journal Article Head J.W. "Do ice caves exist on Mars?." Icarus (2010): Book Armitage, Philip. Astrophysics of planet formation. New York : Cambridge University Press, Book Chapter Mertins, Detlef. “Pervasive plasticity.” Solid States. Ed. Michael Bell. New York: Princeton Architectural Press,

Journal Article and Book Chapter Citations list Title of source Where this appears Page Numbers Journal Article Head J.W. "Do ice caves exist on Mars?." Icarus (2010): Book Armitage, Philip. Astrophysics of planet formation. New York : Cambridge University Press, Book Chapter Ed. Michael Bell. Mertins, Detlef. “Pervasive plasticity.” Solid States. Ed. Michael Bell. New York: Princeton Architectural Press,

Journal Article Citations list additional information volume number, issue number, Journal Article Head J.W. "Do ice caves exist on Mars?." Icarus (2010): Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 10 Jan

Journal Article Citations list additional information volume number, issue number, database where full text was retrieved, Journal Article Head J.W. "Do ice caves exist on Mars?." Icarus (2010): Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 10 Jan

Journal Article Citations list additional information volume number, issue number, database where full text was retrieved, medium of publication, and date accessed. Journal Article Head J.W. "Do ice caves exist on Mars?." Icarus (2010): Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 10 Jan

Why is Citing so Important to you? Avoid Plagiarism. Show you have researched the topic. Give readers information to find your sources.

What does your professor mean when he/she says “Cite your sources” You must provide… – an in-text citation – the full citation on your Works Cited Page

When do you cite? When Quoting – when you repeat a piece of information in the author’s exact words or exactly as published. – introduce the quote, – quote, – and add a spin. Rebecca always knew she was special. In her life story, she writes “Since I was ten, I always knew I was meant for great things” (Smith 33). Rebecca’s mission began then.

When do you cite? When paraphrasing - putting another’s ideas into your own words. You must acknowledge that you are using another’s intellectual property (ideas, facts, graphs, tables, pictures, diagrams, software music, etc). See the Intellectual Property Lesson for more on properly paraphrasing.

How are in text citations used In text citation ( Author’s Last name, Page number ) Works Cited Page ( Full citation ) The source

How are in text citations used Rebecca always knew she was special. In her life story, she writes “Since I was ten, I always knew I was meant for great things” (Smith 33). Rebecca’s career essentially began then. Smith, Rebecca. My Life. New York: Able Press, My Life R. Smith

How are in text citations used Sixty four percent of students say they need more time for social activities (“College Survey” 7). “College Survey.” Journal of All Colleges 10.1 (2011):2-9 Journal of All Colleges 64% more time 7 College Survey 2

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