SESSION : Mobile Computing and Wireless Communications -- Overview Framework for discussion Business drivers: M-Business, M-Government, M-Life Mobile Applications Platforms to support mobile commerce Wireless middleware Wireless Networks Cellular networks: from 1 to 3G Networks Wireless LANs Satellites Amjad Umar Amjad Umar

Overview Growing rapidly with many diverse applications Many strengths but a few weaknesses Different aspects of mobility: People (customers, suppliers, employees) Devices (laptops, palm pilots, beepers, PDA, sensors) Networks: wireless Mobile devices and wireless networks are not always same Amjad Umar

The Jargon Amjad Umar

Framework for Discussion Types of outsourcing non-IT e.g., delivery services (e.g., FEDEX) IT Traditionally desktop network services network management software development New “ASP” email web hosting application software computing services Amjad Umar

Mobile Computing Applications Enable the business initiatives by supporting mobility of Customers Suppliers and Businesses Employees Mobile computing applications Wireless messaging (e.g., SMS) Mobile ecommerce (M-Commerce) and its variants Positional commerce (p-commerce) . Voice commerce (v-commerce). Television commerce (T-Commerce) Mobile ebusiness applications (MEBAs), e.g., M-CRM, M-portal Specialized applications Location sensitive apps Wireless sensor network apps Mobile agent apps Two views: Mobile applications are fundamentally new applications. Mobility is another dimension of the existing applications Amjad Umar

Mobile Computing Applications Categorization B2B C2B, B2C B2E, E2B Consumer Business Employees B2G, G2B C2G, G2C E2G, G2E Citizens Government Employees G2G Amjad Umar

Mobile Computing Platforms Amjad Umar

Internet as the Network Platform Amjad Umar

Wireless Web Amjad Umar

WAP(Wireless Application Protocol) Intended for data entry/display on cellular phones “An open, global specification that empowers mobile users with wireless devices to easily access and interact with information and services instantly.” www.wapforum.org Complete protocol stack similar to Internet protocols but optimized for wireless information pull and push transport layer and above; across multiple wireless technologies Amjad Umar

WIRELESS NETWORKS Different type of wireless networks support mobile computing applications and platforms Cellular networks 1G to 5G Wireless LANs (802.11) Bluetooth Satellite systems Fixed Wireless Local loops Mobile Adhoc Networks Amjad Umar

Amjad Umar

Issues unique to wireless Frequency allocation Multiple Access Amjad Umar

A Sample Wireless School Link to Public Ethernet C D T1 or DSL LAN Server Wireless LAN Cell Wireless LAN Cell Y Z Router Centrex Wired Ethernet LAN X, Y, Z are access points for the wireless Ethernet LANs Wireless LAN Cell X A, B, C, D are student laptops A B Amjad Umar

Bluetooth Founders: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba; May 98 Currently: Over 850 companies, V1.0 spec issued 7/99 Small form factor, low-cost, short range radio link between mobile PCs, phones and other portable devices Relatively fast, short packets Software for service and device discovery Typical application: cellular phone to PDA or earphone Forecast: 79% of digital handsets and > 200 million PCs will use Bluetooth by 2002 -- Dataquest Amjad Umar

Bluetooth PSTN Access Point Wired LAN Bluetooth Piconet Cellular Network Wired LAN Bluetooth Piconet (1 Mbps, 10 meters) Amjad Umar

Wireless Local Loops Amjad Umar

A Cellular Network Cell 1 Cell 2 Mobile Telephone Switching Center (MTSC) Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) Cell 2 HLR VLR Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Mobile User Cordless connection HLR = Home Location Register VLR = Visitor Location Register Wired connection Amjad Umar

Cellular networks: What is 3G Anyway? 1G: First generation wireless cellular: Early 1980s Analog transmission, primarily speech 2G: Second generation wireless cellular: Late 1980s Digital transmission Primarily speech and low bit-rate data High-tier: GSM, IS-95 (CDMA), etc Low-tier (PCS): Low-cost, low-power, low-mobility e.g. PACS 2.5G: 2G evolved to medium rate (< 100kbps) data 3G: future: Broadband multimedia 144 kbps - 384 kbps for high-mobility, high coverage 2 Mbps for low-mobility and low coverage Amjad Umar

Evolution to 3G Data Rates 1980 1990 2000 2010 Years 2 Mbps 3G 1 Mbps (144Kbps to 2Mbps) 1 Mbps 100 Kbps 2.5G (10-150Kbps) 10 Kbps 2G (9.6Kbps) 1 Kbps 1G (<1Kbps) 1980 1990 2000 2010 Years Amjad Umar

Wireless LANs First generation of products at about 1-2 Mbps Lucent’s WaveLAN, RadioLAN, etc. factor of 10 less bandwidth than current Ethernet Next generation of products at 10-11 Mbps factor of 10 less bandwidth than 100 Mbps Ethernet IEEE 802.11 standard – very successful at present (wi-Fi) Can deliver up to 64 mbps Important niche and enterprise applications (e.g. hospitals) Increasing horizontal market interest (e.g. SOHO) Amjad Umar

Satellite Communications Amjad Umar

Other issues Integration Security Management and support Regulations and standards Wireless Business and Industry Amjad Umar

Physical Network Elements Wireless Telephone Business Wireless Data Network Business Wireless Management Business Wireless Consulting Business Reference Model 7. Application Applications (e.g., SMS, email, Wireless Web, Mobile EC/EB) Wireless Telephony Applications and Services Wireless Application and Platform Management Systems Consulting 6. Presentation 5. Session 4. Transport IP Data Network Routing PSTN Routing 3. Network Wireless Network Management Wireless Network Consulting and Engineering Services Physical Network Elements 2. Data Layer (Cellular networks, Wireless LANs, Satellites, Wireless Local Loops) Call Switching 1. Physical Amjad Umar

Summary Mobile applications is a tremendous area of growth Business drivers such as M-Business are significant Mobile computing platforms have to handle special cases: Slow line speeds (19.2 Kbps) Congestions are usual More error prone Different types of wireless networks Cellular Wireless LANs Satellites Wireless local loops Many emerging areas: sensor networks, Mobile Adhoc Networks, Free Space Optics Many issues in Architectures, security and management Standards work is also progressing in many areas Amjad Umar