PRESENTED BY : ALOK RAJ MECHANICAL ENGG GIACR ENGG COLLEGE.

TRUCKS N TRAINS ………… CAPSULE TRANSPORT ???????? PNEUMATIC CAPSULE TRANSPORT??????

WHAT IS PCP ????? It is the transport of materials by CAPSULES propelled by air moving through a pipeline CONSTITUENTS :- CAPSULE LOADING STATION PIPELINE WITH AIR SUPPLY UNLOADING STATION

RECTANGULAR PCP:Rectangular capsule in Rectangular Pipe

Capsules of rectangular cross- section used in tunnel construction

Use of rectangular PCP for shallow underground construction

ROUND(cylindrical) PCP:Round capsule in Round pipe

Use of round pipes PCP buried deep underground

Round pipes for PCP

Loading/unloading station motor control unit

CAPSULE LINKAGE & END DISCS

LAYOUT OF PCP SYSTEM

ADVANTAGES Low power requirement Useful regenerative effect from CAPSULES traveling down hill Dust explosion hazards are minimized Reduction in traffic congestion, air & noise pollution Economic development of nation Fully automatic and unmanned, hence safer and convenient Weather proof, theft proof, strike proof Reducing dependence petroleum products

PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS PROBLEMS : Low line fill rate because of :- * use of blowers * inline loading & unloading High capital cost SOLUTIONS : Using ELECTROMAGNETIC capsule pumps (like LIM) instead of blowers Developing offline loading/unloading Usage over longer periods of time on large scale

PRINCIPLE OF LIM (Linear Induction Motor) As capsules of metallic walls enter the LIM an electromagnetic thrust is generated on the capsule to accelerate and push it forward. Here there is no contact between the capsules and pipeline, hence doing away with the wheels. It can also be used for : #capsule injection/ejection #climbing steep slopes #capsule speed control #system control purpose They are placed only on strategic locations.

LIM at university of MissouriLIM capsule pump concept

General layout of a PCP system for dispatching containers from and to seaports

COST EFFECTIVE APPLICATIONS OF PCP Tunnel construction Transporting mails & parcels, Municipal wastes Delivering goods on pallets Dispatching containers from sea ports to inland inspection Ferrying trucks with cargoes Geological disposal of high level radioactive waste

The Images of a Comprehensive Pneumatic Transportation System for Geological Disposal Facilities

Horizontal to Vertical transport of capsules using elevators

Horizontal to Vertical transport of capsules by using LIMs

Horizontal-to-vertical transport of PCP capsules using LIMs instead of elevators

RADIOACTIVE DISPOSAL A shaft is excavated in the rock for transportation. The container containing waste package is inserted from the top of the shaft and then it is transported through the ascending air current to the bottom of the shaft by controlling the pressure difference between the upper and lower part using a blower on the top of the shaft

RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Using Linear Synchronous Motor (LSM) instead of LIM Use of large conduits for carrying large size cargoes Developing a reliable system based on bar code scanning Technique for in-situ recoating of pipe Determining newer offline loading/unloading Developing special design for pipeline to avoid fatigue failure of pipe ends Investigation for economic and market for PCP systems

Differences between PCP and self- propelled-vehicles-in-tube (SPVT) systems The capsules in PCP have no propulsion system. For PCP, energy transfer is from air to capsules; for SPVT energy transfer is from vehicles to the surrounding air. The tube diameter required for PCP is much smaller than that required by SPVT systems. A PCP system is less costly than an SPVT system that has the same transportation capacity.

CONCLUSION Japan has successfully used such PCPs for transporting minerals, construction materials and solid wastes. Great advancement in PCP technology has taken place in the last 30 years, enabling the use of large capsules (wheeled vehicles) to move freight through large- diameter pipes or conduits.

CONCLUSION(contd.) The use of PCP for freight transport in large cities can play a significant role in reducing the need for using trucks for freight delivery. The cities will benefit in many ways, including reduction of traffic jams, accidents air pollution, and noise caused by trucks. PCP is generally more cost-effective than SPVT systems due to the use of smaller diameter tubes and passive vehicles

CONCLUSION(contd.) A potential beneficial use of PCP is to transport containers from and to large seaports. Such use will greatly enhance port security, and benefit surrounding cities. R & D is needed to plan and design an optimal intermodal transport system for using PCP to move containers.

CONCLUSION(contd.) So far no application of PCP has been developed in our country. The current transportation paradigm based on the inefficient use of polluting and non- renewable fossil fuel and characterized by frustrating and costly waits in the traffic won’t last longer in our society. The day is not far when the entire world would be networked together with pneumatic tubing.