Gordon Wilmsmeier (TRI) and Gabriel Pérez S. (UNECLAC) Recent findings and key challenges

Structure  Maritime and Port Statistics in LAC  Sources  Challenges for empirical research  Maritime trade and port development an overview  Port throughput  Trade statistics  Recent research results  Trade and transport costs  Port development  Liner shipping networks  Emerging issues

Sources  Port statistics  Individual port websites  UNECLAC – “Perfil Marítimo”  Trade data  Customs of individual countries  Regional institutions (CARICOM, ALADI, COCATRAM etc.)  UNECLAC  Private sector companies processing bills of lading and customs declarations

Challenges  Up to data information, improve its quality and frequency (in general only annual data available)  Metadata for existing data not always available, not allowing its comparison  Raw data existing, but not processed  “Culture” of investigation?  Lack of empirical research centres  Lack of empirical research for public and private sector decision making

Sources

Source: Container freight rates quarterly index

Inter-annual growth rates port throughput 2000/07 Source:

Port Throughputs 2008 Latin American and Caribbean Countries See complete and updated version on line:

Source - Base de datos de transporte internacional (BTI)  Time period: 2000 – 2007  Country customs data for imports and exports  CIF, FOB, Freight and insurance data informed separately  Challenge FOB, freight and insurance only for imports, not all countries inform full details e.g. Venezuela, Bolivia  Port of entry  Challenge: different coding for all countries, some do not report)  Mode of transport

Recent publication  Profiles 10 Latin American Countries  Trade flows  Volumes  Values  Commodity structure  Modal Split  Electronic document, publically available Source:

Argentina: Modal Split for Incoming Trade flows from LAC Source:

Argentina: FREIGHT AND INSURANCE, BY MODE OF TRANSPORT, PERCENT OF IMPORTS CIF

Argentina: EXPENDITURE ON FREIGHT AND INSURANCE IN USD BY MODE OF TRANSPORT

Freight rate index, by mode and type of cargo (food products),

Freight rate as percentage of FOB Value and Type of cargo (food products), maritime Transport

Research areas Port infra- and supertructure port productivity port operator model port tariffs Trade flows trade imbalances volumes of trade complementarity of trade Structure of the maritime industry competition liner services offer Position within the global shipping network connectivity centrality Ship operating costs crewing bunker flagging Trade facilitation bureaucracy customs egc.

Most recent research  Impacts of liner shipping network development  Trade and transport costs  Impact on food products  Economic crisis and maritime impacts  Long run perspective in shipping sector  Impacts in the port sector of Latin America and the Caribbean

Shaping container liner network configurations

Level of connectivity in global container liner shipping network, 2004 – 2006 Source: Own elaboration based on LCSI, UNCTAD, various years

Presence of global terminal operators in container ports of South America Source: updated, based on Sánchez and Wilmsmeier (2005)

Growth in ship size in South America trades, Source: Authors, based on CompairData, various years

Ship size development WCSA – ECSA – Europe Trade routes Source: Authors, based on Containerisation International various years

Draft restrictions along the WCSA Source: Authors, based on port websites

Maximum ship sizes in South America trades July 2008 Source: Authors, based on CompairData, various years

Average service frequency South America trades, Source: Authors, based on CompairData, various years

Number of shipping companies active in South America trades, Source: Authors, based on CompairData, various years

Capacity supply WCSA –Europe Trades, Source: Authors, based on CompairData, various years

Market shares based on capacity supply WCSA –Europe Trades,

Supply and demand growth in WCSA –Europe Trades,

Freight Rate Index, South America, Source: Authors, based on UNECLAC, Maritime Profile ( accessed on Nov. 28, 2008)

Emerging issues  Effects of the current crisis  Impacts of concentration in the maritime sector  Drivers of international transport costs  Improvement of research activities in the region  Improvement of statistical information especially information and statistics management

Contact: Gordon Wilmsmeier Gabriel Pérez

Recent publications  G. Wilmsmeier and R. Sánchez (2008): Interport Competition in a Single Market under Port Devolution: Lessons from the Southern Cone. In: The Human Elemenst at the Ship/Port Interface. W. Wittig and C. Prieser (eds.). Bremen. Germany  G. Wilmsmeier and J. Hoffmann (2008): Liner Shipping Connectivity and Port Infrastructure as Determinants of Freight Rates in the Caribbean. Maritime Economics and Logistics, Vol. 10 No. 1, January 2008  G. Wilmsmeier and R. Sánchez (2008): Shipping networks in international containerized trade – Market evolution on the West Coast of South America. In: Handbook of Container Shipping Vol. 2 ISL, ISSN , Bremen, Germany forthcoming  G. Wilmsmeier and I. Martínez Zarzoso (2007): Determinants of Maritime Transport Costs – A panel Data Analysis for Latin American Containerised Trade (forthcoming)  G. Wilmsmeier and T. Notteboom (2007): Determinants of Liner Shipping Network Configuration - A two Region Comparison (forthcoming)  A. Baird and G. Wilmsmeier (2007): Ferry Transport in Scotland. Scottish Transport Review. Issue 37 – October ISSN  L. Márquez Ramos, I. Martínez Zarzoso, E. Pérez García y G. Wilmsmeier (2007): Transporte Maritimo: Costes de Transporte y Conectividad en el Comercio Exterior español. In Lecciones de Economía Marítima. La Coruña. Spain. ISBN ISBN: