Chemistry Ms. Piela
Heat transfers in chemical reactions Energy Definition: The capacity to do work or supply heat Basic Types: Mechanical, Electrical, Potential, Kinetic
Energy that is stored within chemical bonds Determined by the arrangement and bonding of atoms Examples: Gasoline, Food, etc
Exothermic processes (‘exits’) Heat flows out of a system
System loses heat (negative sign) Examples: Explosions!, Sun, Fire
Endothermic processes (‘enter’) Heat is absorbed from surroundings
System gains heat (positive sign), Heat change is > 0 Examples: Boiling water, ice melting
Energy transfers due to temperature differences between objects Flows from hot to cold until temperature equilibrium is reached
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred Can be transformed Example: HeatMechanicalElectrical
Calorie (cal) – the amount of heat needed to raise 1 gram of water 1 ° C Heat calorie is not to be confused with dietary calories 1 dietary Calorie = 1 kcal = 1000 cal Joule (J) – metric unit of heat and energy Conversion Factor! Woo!
It takes 50.2 J to raise the temperature of a g piece of glass. How many calories is this?
A small chocolate bar has about 210,000 calories. How many Joules is this?
The amount of heat required to raise 1 gram of a substance 1 ° C Heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise a substance 1 ° C
q = heat (J or cal) m = mass (g) C = specific heat ∆T = Change in Temp. ( °C)
Specific heat plays a role in buffering climates Specific heat of land = 0.8 J/g ° C Specific heat of water = J/g ° C How does this help buffer climates? Water heats up slower and cools down slowly, releasing heat gradually
On the notes, you’ll see a table of specific heat capacities for common metals. We’ll be using these throughout all the problems in this section, so keep it handy!
A 1.55 g piece of stainless steel absorbs 141 J of heat when its temperature increases by 178 ° C. What is the specific heat of stainless steel?.511 J/g ° C
How much heat is required to raise the temperature of g of mercury from 52 ° C to 60 ° C? 280 J
If the initial temperature of a 10.0 g substance is 20.0 ° C and J of heat are absorbed, what is the final temperature? The specific heat of the substance is 1.15 J/g ° C ° C