1. What does temperature measure? What does pressure measure?

2. Thermochemistry Heat changes that occur during a chemical reaction Energy- the capacity for doing work or supplying heat Energy is weightless, colorless, and odorless Energy that is stored in the bonds of chemical substances is called chemical potential energy. (Example: gasoline)

3. What is Work and Heat? Work- when a force is used to move an object Heat- energy that is transferred from one object to another Through a temperature change Neither senses nor instruments can detect heat; only changes in heat can be detected Heat flows from warm to cold until equilibrium is reached

4. Surroundings System Key terms for describing the flow of energy System- part of the universe you are interested in Surroundings- everything else in the universe Universe- the system and the surroundings The Universe is Everything

5. Endothermic When heat flows into a system from the surroundings the process is called endothermic +q

6. Exothermic When heat flows out of a system into the surroundings the process is called exothermic -q

7. What is a calorie? The quantity of heat required to raise one (1) gram of water one (1)  C The unit that we will be using that is the SI system of measurement for heat is the joule 1 joule = 0.2390 calories 1 calorie = 4.184 joules

8. Heat Capacity The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of substance 1  C Heat capacity depends on the composition and the mass of the substance

9. Specific Heat Capacity The amount of heat it takes to raise 1 gram of a substance 1  C We can determine the heat capacity using the equation C = Specific Heat (J/g   C or cal/g   C) q = heat (J or cal) m = mass (g)  T = T final – T initial (  C)

10. Example When 400 J of heat is added to 4.0 grams of olive oil at 20  C, the temperature increases to 60  C. What is the specific heat of olive oil? C = ? q = 400 J m = 4.0 g  T = T final – T initial = 60  C – 20  C = 40  C

11. Another Example How much heat is required to raise the temperature of 200.0 g of mercury 50 C  ? The specific heat of mercury is 0.15 J/g   C. C = 0.15 J/g   C q = ? m = 200.0 g  T = 50  C