Lubrication and Bearings P H S A U T O M I V E ALS

What is Friction Friction - resistance to movement between two objects P H S A U T O M I V E ALS Friction - resistance to movement between two objects The amount of friction depends on the following; 1. Material 2. Surface finish 3. Amount of pressure holding the two together 4. How fast they move

What is Friction P H S A U T O M I V E ALS friction generates heat Rub your hands together they get hot dry friction - both parts clean and free of other materials wet friction - parts have another material placed between them such as oil

What is a Bearing A Bearing is a device used to support and guide a rotating, Oscillating, or sliding shaft or wheel. A bearing is designed to; 1. Reduce friction 2. Support a load 3. Guide moving parts

Bearing construction P H S A U T O M I V E ALS friction - sliding friction - two smooth surfaces sliding against each other half speed bearing - turbos anti friction - rolling friction - uses balls or rollers or small needles between the moving parts

Bearing construction P H S A U T O M I V E ALS

Bearing construction P H S A U T O M I V E ALS Ball bearing

Bearing construction P H S A U T O M I V E ALS Roller Bearing

Bearing construction P H S A U T O M I V E ALS Tapered Roller Bearing

Bearing construction Types of Roller Bearings P H S A U T O M I V E ALS Types of Roller Bearings

Bearing construction P H S A U T O M I V E ALS needle

Bearing construction P H S A U T O M I V E ALS Thrust Needle & Ball

Bearing Load If the wrong type of bearing is used it may not be able to carry the load that is applied to it. The load is dependent on both weight and direction. There are Three types of loads.

Bearing Load (Radial) The load is at right angles to the shaft.

Bearing Load (Thrust) The load is Parallel to the shaft

Bearing Load (Angular) The load is a combination of Radial and Thrust.

Bearing Failure Premature bearing failures are caused by 1. Fatigue (overloaded, under lubed) 2. Poor lubrication (wrong type, under lubed) 3. Contamination (dirt and water) 4. Installation with the wrong tool (there is a correct tool for every job)

Full- Floating

Insert Bearings removable bearing split in two pieces for easy installation and removal

Insert Bearings steel back with soft lining, coating can be of babbitt, copper-lead-tin or aluminum coating locating tabs help keeps insert bearing from turning

Insert Bearings crush height the .001 to .002 protruding above rod cap and rod that when bolted together forms the tight fit that prevents the bearing from turning.

Insert Bearings An undersize bearing is used on a crankshaft that has been machined to a smaller size.

BEARING PERFORMANCE load strength- must withstand pounding from compression and firing stroke anti scuffing - if oil pressure is lost lining must be soft enough to prevent crankshaft journal from being scratched or scuffed

BEARING PERFORMANCE corrosion - must resist corrosion from vapors and acids in crankcase conformation - must conform to shape of crankshaft journal

BEARING PERFORMANCE embedability - must allow small particles to embed itself into bearing material so journal won't be scratched temperature - must work equally well both hot and cold must transfer heat well oil hole or groove for lubrication

BEARINGS rod bearings, bearings in the connecting rod main bearings, bearings that go where the main bearing cap hold the crankshaft in place.

THRUST BEARINGS thrust bearing, has sides on to help prevent end play of crankshaft, sometimes use a separate piece for the side.

THRUST BEARINGS

4 Jobs of Oil Cleans - Cools - Seals - Lubricates - P H S A U T O M I V E ALS Cleans - Cools - Seals - Lubricates -

Bearing Clearance P H S A U T O M I V E ALS Oil is pumped to the bearing and separates the parts. It allows the parts to turn without touching each other. When parts touch they will be destroyed. bearing clearance average about .002

Bearing Clearance

How to lubricate a engine P H S A U T O M I V E ALS engines lubricated three ways for a 4-stroke engine Full pressure Splash Combination - splash and pressure - most common in automotive applications

Full pressure P H S A U T O M I V E ALS bearings are oiled by pumping oil to the bearings, sometimes the oil is dripped on or is squirted on to parts

Splash P H S A U T O M I V E ALS use of dippers on connecting rods to splash oil around (one cylinder engines) or dripping oil on the engine parts

Combination both systems used - splash and pressure - V E ALS both systems used - splash and pressure - other methods two cycles mix gas and oil could be premix or a oil injection system

Oil galleries and lines P H S A U T O M I V E ALS Oil gallery - oil supply line in engine oil is carried through the engine by these lines some rods are drilled full lengths some have squirt holes

Oil filters P H S A U T O M I V E ALS

Oil filters most common materials paper and cotton waste H S A U T O M I V E ALS most common materials paper and cotton waste canister - old style spin on

Filtering Systems two types of filtering systems H S A U T O M I V E ALS two types of filtering systems full flow, all oil is filtered before going to bearings, filter has relief valve in case of plugged filter bypass filter, part of oil is being filter at all times but not before it is going to the bearings

Oil pumps gear, rotary, vane and plunger most common automotive engine H S A U T O M I V E ALS gear, rotary, vane and plunger most common automotive engine gear and rotary

Gear P H S A U T O M I V E ALS two gears mesh together forcing oil out

Rotary inner rotor and outer rotor 4 points fit inside 5 points P H S M I V E ALS inner rotor and outer rotor 4 points fit inside 5 points

Vane P H S A U T O M I V E ALS used as pump in some automatic transmissions(this one, a vane pump out of a air wrench)

Plunger P H S A U T O M I V E ALS used a lot in one cylinder engines

Pick up tube and screen P H S A U T O M I V E ALS

Pressure Relief Valve P H S A U T O M I V E ALS when oil pump develops too much pressure the Pressure Relief valve will open and allows to return to sump by changing spring tension pressure can be raised or lowered

Oil sludge P H S A U T O M I V E ALS Black thick Goo mixture of water oil dirt usually formed in engines never reaching operating temperature - thermostat taken out or to many short trips formation of a white sludge - caused by, cold weather, short trips, too much water

Varnish or lacquer P H S A U T O M I V E ALS usually known as engine varnish is formed from an engine running at hot temperature for extended periods - the heat causes the oil to break down and a varnish is created on valve covers and other parts to avoid varnish deposits use good clean oil and change regularly Light brown coating is Varnish

Additives in oil detergent - prevent sludge and varnish deposits M I V E ALS detergent - prevent sludge and varnish deposits foam inhibitors - prevent oil from foaming oxidation inhibitors - prevent oil oxidation at high speed

Additives in oil corrosion rust inhibitors - helps prevent these M I V E ALS corrosion rust inhibitors - helps prevent these anti wear additives - coat metal surfaces with a strong slippery film moly graphite

crankcase ventilation P H S A U T O M I V E ALS draft tube positive crankcase ventilation

open - draft tube P H S A U T O M I V E ALS Older engines use a draft tube to vent the crankcase. It is just a vent with a filter in it. Uses a Breather cap to allow air in.

PCV - positive crankcase H S A U T O M I V E ALS open - breather cap closed goes from air cleaner to valve cover

wet and dry sump systems H S A U T O M I V E ALS

windage tray P H S A U T O M I V E ALS Bolt to bottom of engine prevent oil from foaming due to crankshaft rotation.

Oil viscosity P H S A U T O M I V E ALS thickness or fluidity of the oil, oil's ability to resist flow classified as a number such as 10,20,30,40 multi grade or multi viscosity 5w-30, 10w-30

service ratings go through handout P H S A U T O M I V E ALS Go to this web site and read the classifications http://www.lubrizol.com/ReadyReference/6-OilClasses/Sclass.htm

how often should oil be changed,filter? P H S A U T O M I V E ALS 1,000 - 7,500 average About every 3,000 - 4,000 miles recommended depends on length of operation, temperature of air and car. Condition of all filters - air, oil gas -, PCV valve, driving conditions, paved roads, and dust or dirt in the air.

what kind of oil should I buy ??? P H S A U T O M I V E ALS

What kind of filter should I buy ???? P H S A U T O M I V E ALS Some companies spent a lot of money on advertising and very little on filters, some just build good filters. You choose, cut some apart and look for yourself.

The End P H S A U T O M I V E ALS What’s wrong