1. Engine Lubrication Systems
This presentation will explore:
Lubrication System Operation
Lubrication Components
Oil Distribution Systems

2. The Lubrication System (Reasons for)
To separate the moving parts of the engine, to prevent excessive wear and heat build up caused by friction, without this, the engine components would get so hot, they could start to melt and stick to together (seized engine)
To protect the engine components from acids formed from the burning of the fuel.

3. System Components
Oil-The lubricant, cools, separates and protects the engine components. The quality of the oil,i.e how good it is ,is confirmed by the industry standards and should be printed on the container, e.g. SAE 10w/40 API SJ/CF ACEA A3-96/B3-96.
Engine sump ,storage area for he oil, acts as a reservoir
Oil Filter-usually a paper element used to keep the oil clean
Oil Pump Strainer-filter fitted on the pump pick to prevent swaf (small pieces of metal) entering the pump)
Oil pump-used to pump the oil to the various engine components.
Oil pressure relief valve- This limits the maximum oil pressure the pump can produce
Oil filter by-pass valve- a valve that opens should the filter become blocked so some oil can reach the engine components.
Oil gallery-a drilling (internal tube) in the engine which directs the oil from the filter to the various engine components
Viscosity-the resistance to flow of the oil (in a way the thickness of the oil).Temperature has a great effect on the Viscosity of the oil. When the oil is cold it gets thicker, when warms up its thinner.

4. Viscosity-Multi-Grade Oils
The higher the viscosity number the thicker the oil is- if the oil is too thick it will not allow the engine components to rotate or slide easily, it will also be more difficult to pump around the engine.
The lower the viscosity number the thinner the oil- if the oil is too thin it will not separate the engines moving components.
10W/40 engine oil i.e W means winter, therefore the oil is not too thick when cold and does not become to thin when hot thus providing all year round protection

5. The Environmental Protection Act and your personal health when handling engine oil
The act requires you to take reasonable steps to look after any old engine oil and dispose of in the correct manner i.e. by a approved company that can recycle the oil.
Engine oil can pollute rivers causing harm to wildlife
It only takes 1 litre of engine oil to pollute 700,000 litres of fresh water
It is an offence to pour engine oil down the drain
Personal care
Avoid prolonged and repeated contact
Wear clean protective clothing.
Use gloves and or barrier creams
Wash hands with good skin cleanser to ensure the oil is removed from your skin.
Apply skin protection cream ( moisturizer )

6. Use of Oil Acts as barrier to reduce friction and wear.
Usually refined from petroleum or crude oil.
Oil film
For rotating bearing, shaft diameter less than bearing inner diameter.
Crankshaft journal
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7. Viscosity Viscosity is flow rate of oil.30 10
Low viscosity (on right) flows more easily.
Low viscosity better for cold operation.
Modern oils are multi-viscosity.
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8. Lubrication System Components
Dipstick measures level of oil in the sump.
Sump bolts to the bottom of the engine and holds the oil supply sealed by a gasket.
Oil filter mounted on cylinder block.
Oil pump mounted at front.
Oil pickup links sump to oil pump.
Drain plug, to change oil.
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9. Oil Filter Spin-on oil filter with O-ring seal. Centre outlet tube.
Input feed holes.
Paper elements trap impurities.
Keeps impurities out of the engine.
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10. Oil Filter Housing Bolts to cylinder block. Oil pressure switch.
May have oil cooler adapter.
Fed by oil cooler hoses.
Oil filter.
Heat shield.
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11. Gear Pump Pump shaft drives one gear. Other gear turned.
Low pressure at input.
High pressure at output.
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12. Rotary Oil Pump Inner rotor driven by pump shaft.
Inner rotor drives outer rotor.
Oil is forced from input,
to output.
May be shaft, gear or chain driven.
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13. Crankshaft-Driven Pump
Drive splines
on crankshaft.
Main seal.
Inner gear (rotor) driven by crankshaft.
Outer gear (rotor) driven by inner gear.
Pump housing at front of engine.
Pump insert holds drive within housing.
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14. Oiling Methods Pressure-fed systems feed upper parts of engine.
Splash and drip-feed feeds down to the lower parts.
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15. Lubrication System Oil is held in the sump.
Drawn into engine through the pickup.
Forced round by a pump.
Protected by a pressure relief valve.
Particulates removed by a filter.
Carried around in galleries.
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16. Galleries Carry oil to all parts of engine.
Lubricates valve gear, crank and camshaft.
Cylinder bores.
To and from oil filter.
From pickup to pump.
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17. The Oil Is Pumped Through Passages In The Engine

19. Oil Cooler May be used to lower oil temperature.
Heat exchanger similar to radiator.
Hoses/pipes are usually connected to adapter on oil filter.
Often used for heavy duty applications.
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