John C. Walker, Director, Interdisciplinary Plant Group Bioenergy Summit, April 17, 2009 How Plant Biology Research at MU Is Helping the U.S. Achieve Its.

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Presentation transcript:

John C. Walker, Director, Interdisciplinary Plant Group Bioenergy Summit, April 17, 2009 How Plant Biology Research at MU Is Helping the U.S. Achieve Its Bioenergy Goals From Plants to the Pump ipg.missouri.edu

Biofuels EthanolBiodiesel

Missouri: Ethanol fr. Corn National rank in corn production: 9th Operating ethanol plants: 6 Annual ethanol production: 275 million Percentage of all gasoline sales blended with ethanol: 70% --Source:

Missouri: Soy Biodiesel National rank in soybean production: 7th “Home” of soy biodiesel Operating soy biodiesel plants: 4 Annual soy biodiesel production: 90 million --Sources: National Biodiesel Board, MSMC, NASS

Interdisciplinary Plant Group Biochemistry Bioinformatics Cell & Molecular Biology Development Ecology & Evolution Environmental Interactions Genetics & Plant Breeding Genomics and Proteomics Plant Pathology & Physiology

Thelen Lab Biochemistry Genomics and Proteomics Plant Physiology

seed filling embryogenesismaturation development soybean canola castor starch protein oil Using advanced proteomics to show how plant cells regulate oil:protein balance.

Sharp Lab Environmental Interactions Genomics and Proteomics Plant Physiology

Genetic diversity in soybean under drought stress

Genetic diversity and increased root proliferation are associated with greater water uptake from drying soil. cv 1cv 2

Nguyen Lab Environmental Interactions Genomics and Proteomics Genetics & Plant Breeding

Genetic mapping and engineering for total oil and oleic acid content Metabolite profiling to understand oil composition and accumulation in soybeans Genetic factors regulating fatty acid synthesis and total oil content Oil Improvement High seed oil content + high oleic acid = better “biodiesel”

Genetics Plant Breeding Sleper and Shannon Labs

Number of lines Oil % Parent 2Parent 1 Oil content distribution in 250 F 7 -RILs

Oil Quality

Environmental Interactions Plant Physiology New Crops for Bioenergy Fritschi Lab

Sweet Sorghum as a Potential Biofuel Crop

Environmental Interactions Plant Physiology New Crops for Bioenergy Blevins Lab

NAD-ME Pearl millet Amaranth Bermuda grass Switch grass Buffalo grass Plant Metabolic Pathways NADP-ME Big bluestem Indian grass Little bluestem Crab grass Corn Sorghum Sugar cane PEP-CK Guinea grass Rhode grass Side oats grama

Hydroponically Grown Pearl Millet and Purple Amaranth (μM Mn )

Biotechnology for Bioenergy Birchler Lab

Smallest mini-B chromosome Red: Transgene Green: B repeat “Minichromosomes” Targeting B chromosomes

Minichromosomes can serve as a platform for multiple transgenes. An extra chromosome would allow plants to be used as a factory for the production of multiple foreign proteins. Minichromosomes could also be used to add/modify whole biochemical pathways to plants.

Plant Transformation Facility Biotechnology for Bioenergy Zhang Lab

Pipeline for Biofuel Research at Plant Transformation Facility Developing efficient transformatio n systems for biofuel crops Rationale designs for regulation of lignin biosynthetic pathway Transforming biofuel crops with transgenes for enhancing biofuel production Molecular and phenotypic analysis of transgenic biofuel crops Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Corn/Switchgrass/Poplar Analysis of biofuel production efficiency Phase 5

Biotechnology for Bioenergy Oliver Lab, USDA-ARS

Switchgrass and Transgenes: Need for Total Gene containment Desired trait + Blocked Floral Inhibitor Activator Line Vegetative Growth Only Increased biomass + gene containment (Credit: Stephen Ausmus) Photo: Anna Gardner Active Floral Inhibitor

Plant MU