1 Internet Umm Alqura University السنة التحضيرية مهارات الحاسب الالي (1)

2 What is Internet? Internet is a global computer network of inter- connected networks. Internet is a global computer network of inter- connected networks.

3 Internet Activities 1. All computers connected to the internet must communicate with each other using set of rules (protocols) called TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) 2. Send and receive electronic messages ( ) 3. Transfer data files to and from computers around the world (File Transfer Protocol [FTP]) 4. View corporate or personal documents containing graphical hypertext content (World Wide Web) 5. Share point-of-view on specific subjects with other online groups, (Usenet news-groups - Network News Transfer Protocol)

4 Internet Addressing Each computer directly linked to the Internet must obtain a unique address so that it can be located. Each computer directly linked to the Internet must obtain a unique address so that it can be located. A computer’s internet protocol (IP) address is a four- part series of numbers separated by periods. For example A computer’s internet protocol (IP) address is a four- part series of numbers separated by periods. For example Because it is difficult to remember a long series of numbers( i.e. IP address ), a name addressing system was developed, called domain name system (DNS), For example google.com Because it is difficult to remember a long series of numbers( i.e. IP address ), a name addressing system was developed, called domain name system (DNS), For example google.com The DNS: is a world-wide system of databases that maps domain names with their corresponding IP address. The DNS: is a world-wide system of databases that maps domain names with their corresponding IP address.

5 How To Get Internet Connection? To obtain an Internet Connection, It is necessary to register with (and pay) a special Internet committee. To obtain an Internet Connection, It is necessary to register with (and pay) a special Internet committee. To get internet service: To get internet service: Subscribe with any Internet Service Provider (ISP) Subscribe with any Internet Service Provider (ISP) Such as : STC, Mobily…etc

6 Domain Names When an organization or company establishes a link to the Internet either as: When an organization or company establishes a link to the Internet either as: a high-speed, dedicated pointer itself a high-speed, dedicated pointer itself or as an account through a dedicated provider or as an account through a dedicated provider a domain name must be chosen

7 Domain Names The name is unique and comprised of these parts: HostName.subdom(s).Org.Dom

8 Site Types The top-level specification:.com: commercial organization..com: commercial organization..edu: education..edu: education..int: international organization..int: international organization..mil: military organizations..mil: military organizations..org: nonprofit and research organizations..org: nonprofit and research organizations..net: network and service operations..net: network and service operations.

9 Country Code Two-letter country code:.sa: Saudi Arabia..jo: Jordan..uk: United Kingdom.

10 What is the World Wide Web? The World Wide Web is a collection of host machines: The World Wide Web is a collection of host machines: which deliver documents, graphics and multi-media to users via the Internet. which deliver documents, graphics and multi-media to users via the Internet. It is one of the services that runs on the Internet. It is one of the services that runs on the Internet. It is a collection of interconnected documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs It is a collection of interconnected documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs

11 World Wide Web Pages or files are stored on Web Servers. Pages or files are stored on Web Servers. Users access these pages using a graphical browser like: Users access these pages using a graphical browser like: Internet Explorer Internet Explorer Netscape Communicator Netscape Communicator Pages can include: Pages can include: Graphics, sound, movies and other media-rich content Graphics, sound, movies and other media-rich content References to other pages on the same site or other sites References to other pages on the same site or other sites

12 Hyper-Links A hyperlink is a clickable link to another document or resource. It is normally shown in blue underline. A hyperlink is a clickable link to another document or resource. It is normally shown in blue underline. When a user clicks on this link When a user clicks on this link  The client will retrieve the document associated with that link by  requesting the document from the designated server upon which it resides.

13 URLs An URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a means of specifying the pathname for any resource on the Internet. An URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a means of specifying the pathname for any resource on the Internet. The URL consists of three part: The URL consists of three part: 1. protocol part 2. host part 3. document name

14 URLs Example specifies the protocol as http, the host or WWW server as just.edu.jo and the document as / cis100/windows.htm

15 Search Engines Because there is so much information available on the Internet today so: Because there is so much information available on the Internet today so: it is important to be able to access information quickly. it is important to be able to access information quickly. Several sites have specialized in searching Several sites have specialized in searching Search Engines Examples: Search Engines Examples:    

16 HTML HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language. HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language. Used to create (design) Web pages which may include: Used to create (design) Web pages which may include: Text, graphics, sound, video and/or links to other pages Text, graphics, sound, video and/or links to other pages

17 Web Browser A WWW browser is an application run on a user’s computer A WWW browser is an application run on a user’s computer which allows him to view the pages made available by a WWW server which allows him to view the pages made available by a WWW server The browser interprets each HTML page and displays the information in a window. The browser interprets each HTML page and displays the information in a window. Each WWW server has a host name, and each page has a location address where it resides on the server. Each WWW server has a host name, and each page has a location address where it resides on the server.

18 Example The site-name is which denotes the server address for the WWW server at JUST The page, which is shown as JUST’s home page is called index.htm

19 Electronic Mail ( ) Electronic mail, or , is: a simple tool for exchanging messages between individuals or among larger audience. a simple tool for exchanging messages between individuals or among larger audience.

20 Electronic Mail messages travel very quickly and inexpensively messages travel very quickly and inexpensively The delivery of messages from one part of a country to another may take minutes The delivery of messages from one part of a country to another may take minutes Once a message has been received, it can be saved, printed, edited, forwarded to another user, or deleted Once a message has been received, it can be saved, printed, edited, forwarded to another user, or deleted is becoming one of the most widely used services on the Internet: is becoming one of the most widely used services on the Internet:

21 Characteristics is becoming one of the most widely used services on the Internet : 1. Fast 2. Can save messages for future reference. 3. Free of charge.

22 How to get account ? How to get just ? How to get just ? From the University (Engineering Building, C3- level 1 ?) From the University (Engineering Building, C3- level 1 ?) Get a free web-based account through yahoo or Hotmail Get a free web-based account through yahoo or Hotmail

23 Address An address has two parts: 1. Username 2. Domain Name Address Example:

24 Message’s Parts An message must have at least two parts: 1. Header 2. Body 3. Message Signature (optional)

25 Message’s Parts 1. The Message Header contains information about the message: sender, receiver, date and subject CC : Carbon Copy CC : Carbon Copy BCC : Blind Carbon Copy BCC : Blind Carbon Copy 2. The Message body contains the actual message being sent 3. Message Signature (optional) (see next slide)

26 Message Signature Sometimes, an message contains a third part, called the signature Sometimes, an message contains a third part, called the signature It is optional, and usually identifies or provides information about the message’s sender It is optional, and usually identifies or provides information about the message’s sender

27 Review CC : Carbon Copy CC : Carbon Copy BCC : Blind Carbon Copy BCC : Blind Carbon Copy Protocols: set of rules Protocols: set of rules TCP/IP :Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) TCP/IP :Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) File Transfer Protocol [FTP] use to: File Transfer Protocol [FTP] use to: Transfer data files to and from computers around the world? Transfer data files to and from computers around the world? internet protocol address : IP address internet protocol address : IP address DNS: it is a name addressing system was developed, called domain name system (DNS) DNS: it is a name addressing system was developed, called domain name system (DNS) URL: Uniform Resource Locator URL: Uniform Resource Locator HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language