Activator

Political Machines and Bosses  Bill the Butcher (Gangs of New York)  William Tweed – Leader of Tammany Hall in NYC.  Political machines worked on an exchange of favors system. Used an army of ward (neighborhood) leaders to secure political power. Known for corruption. Gave away profitable jobs and city contracts.  “Graft” was using your job to gain profit.  Tammany Hall dominated politics in NYC for over 50 years.

Agenda  Activator, agenda, and objective (15 minutes)  Causes of Industrialization notes (20 minutes)  Comprehension Check (15 minutes).  The Response of Reformers (45 minutes)  Exit ticket presentations (15 minutes)

Objective  All students will…  Describe the changing landscape of late nineteenth century America by examining the movements of people, rise of industry, growth of transportation, and development of cities.  Analyze the effects of urban political machines and the response by middle class reformers

Causes of Industrialization?  The Transportation Revolution  Steam power: RAILROADS (1870s and 1880s)  First big business in U.S.  Key to “opening the west” – Transcontinental railroad  Magnet for financial investment  Helped other industries develop  The automobile (Ford Model T, 1909)

Causes of Industrialization?  Technology  Interchangeable parts – assembly line  Steam power – steam trains  Bessemer process  Refrigerated cars  Edison – light bulb  Communication  telegraph, phonograph, motion picture, telephone

Thomas Edison’s Lightbulb

Alexander Bell’s Telephone (1876)

U.S. Patents Issued for New Inventions

Rapid Industrialization  Growth of factories  Textile mills in the Northeast (Lowell Mill Girls)  Large concentration of workers – available labor in cities.  Shift from skilled to unskilled labor.  Transportation allowing for “specialization” in production and consumption.

The Market Economy  Major Shifts:  From family farms to open competition in “the market.”  From hand tools to complex machines  From skilled to unskilled labor  Key Terms:  Specialization – meaning you concentrate on one thing  Production – to make or produce goods and services  Consumption – to consume like eat but more generally to buy and to use things that are produced.  Competition – firms will compete for business keeping prices low for everyone.  Supply and Demand: the market is regulated by an invisible hand – the laws of supply (how much is made available) and demand (how many people need it or want it).

Comprehension Check: Write a summary of notes from Monday and today  Describe the changing landscape of late nineteenth century America by examining the movements of people, rise of industry, growth of transportation, and development of cities. (11.2.2).  Make sure to include:  Countries where immigrants came from.  Growth of cities, slums, ethnic neighborhoods.  Urban political machines and bosses.  Causes of industrialization (transportation, technology, factories, skilled to unskilled labor)  Market economy

The Response of Reformers  In groups of 4 take notes on one of the below options and then make a bumper sticker with an image and a slogan. Be prepared to present your work.  1. Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle (Handout, pp.1-5)  2. Middle Class reformers: Charity, Social Gospel, Settlement Movement, Temperance and Prohibition (Textbook pp )

Homework: write this is you agendas…  Finish your bumper sticker for homework to turn in tomorrow morning.  Test tomorrow  Study your notes from unit one.  Make flash cards,  Make a list of key terms,  Define key terms from back to the board,  Have a friend or family member quiz you

Exit ticket  Divide your page in half with a line down the middle. Write “The Jungle” on one side and “Middle Class Reformers” on the other.  Going around the room, explain your bumper sticker to the rest of the class.  Tell us three things we should write down about either The Jungle or Middle Class Reformers.  Everyone writes down a list of things to know in the two columns.